Can private law assume an ecological meaning? Can property and contract defend nature? Is tort law an adequate tool for paying environmental damages to future generations? This book explores potential resolutions to these questions, analyzing the evolution of legal thinking in relation to the topics of legal personality, property, contract and tort. In this forward thinking book, Mattei and Quarta suggest a list of basic principles upon which a new, ecological legal system could be based. Taking private law to represent an ally in the defence of our future, they offer a clear characterization of the fundamental legal institutions of common law and civil law, considering the challenges of the Anthropogenic era, technological tools of the Internet era, and the global rise of the commons. Summarizing the fundamental institutions of private law: property rights, legal personality, contract, and tort, the authors reveal the limits of these legal institutions in relation to historical international evolution and their regulation in the contexts of catastrophic ecological issues and technological developments. Engaging and thoughtful, this book will be interesting reading for legal scholars and academics of private law and, in particular, those wishing to understand the role of law when facing technological and ecological challenges.

This book carries out a comprehensive analysis of the Maria Luz incident, a truly significant episode in Japanese and world history, from a legal perspective. In July 1872, the Maria Luz, a barque flying the Peruvian flag, carried Chinese indentured servants from Macau to Peru. After the ship stopped for repairs in Kanagawa Bay, a number of legal issues arose that were destined to change the perception and use of the law in Japan forever. The case had a tremendous impact on the collective imagination, both Japanese and international: it is one of the first occurrences in which an Asian country decided to resist the pressure of a Western nation, and responded using the most refined tools of domestic and international law. Moreover, the final outcome of the case (arbitration in front of the Czar of Russia) marks the debut of Japan on the stage of international arbitration. While historians have written widely on the subject, the legal importance of this event has been relatively neglected. This book uses the case to explore the technical legal issues Japan was facing in its transition from pre-modernity to modernity. These include unequal treaties, extraterritoriality clauses, the need to establish an updated judicial system, and a delicate balance between asserting sovereignty and resorting to diplomacy in solving disputes involving foreigners. Based on original documents, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers and academics in the fields of legal history, dispute resolution, international law, Japanese history and Asian studies.

This edited volume presents research and policy insights into the theory and practice of dispute systems reform in diverse jurisdictions. It highlights how important extra-judicial mechanisms are for resolving cross border disputes, as evidenced both by the breadth of scholarship dedicated to the issue and proliferation of parties resorting to non-litigious dispute resolution mechanisms in recent years. Drawing on selected case studies, the book examines the impact of comparative research and policy analysis in advancing reform of dispute resolution institutions at both the regional and global levels. It explores the challenges and opportunities of understanding and assessing developments in systems of dispute resolution in diverse social and political contexts through comparative research. With growing number of disputes which have come to involve cross-border issues, anyone interested in transnational and comparative dispute resolution will find this book a useful reference.

This is a fresh and stimulating book on new challenges for civil justice. It brings together leading experts from across the world to discuss relevant topics of civil justice from regional, cross-border, international and comparative perspectives. Inter alia, this book will focus on multinational rules and systems of dispute resolution in the era of a global economy, while also exploring accountability and transparency in the course of civil justice. Transnational cooperation in cross-border insolvency, regionalism in the process of recognition and enforcement of foreign titles, and the application of electronic technologies in judicial proceedings, including new types of evidence also play a major role.Technology, the Global Economy and other New Challenges for Civil Justice is a compact and accessible overview of new developments in the field from across the world and written for those with an interest in civil justice.

There has been a recent increase in clashes between warships asserting rights to navigate and states asserting sovereignty over coastal waters. This book argues for a set of rules which respect the rights of coastal states to protect their sovereignty and of warships to navigate lawfully, whilst also outlining the limits of each. The book addresses the issue of the clash between warships and states by considering the general principles applying to use of force in the law of the sea and the law of national self-defence. It focuses on the right of coastal states to use force to prevent passage of warships which threaten their sovereignty, with particular reference to the specific maritime zones, as well as by warships to ensure passage or to defend themselves. The book also assesses the extent to which the law of armed conflict may be applicable to these issues. The conclusion draws together a set of rules which take account of both contemporary and historical events and seeks to balance the competing interests at stake. Providing a concise overview of the enduring issue of freedom of navigation, this book will appeal to anyone studying international law, the law of the sea, security studies and international relations. It will also be of interest to naval, coast guard and military officers as well as government legal advisors.

Through further technological development and increased globalization, conducting busines abroad has become easier, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). However, the legal issues associated with international commerce have not lessened in complexity, including the role of non-state rules. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of non-state rules in international commercial contracts. Non-state rules have legal authority in the national and international sphere, but the key question is how this legal authority can be understood and established. To answer this question this book examines first what non-state rules are and how their legal authority can be measured, it then analyses how non-state rules are applied in different scenarios, including as the applicable law, as a source of law, or to interpret either the law or the contract. Throughout this analysis three other important questions are also answered: when can non-state rules be applied? when are they applied? and how are they applied? The book concludes with a framework and classification that leads to a deeper understanding of the legal authority of non-state rules. Providing a transnational perspective on this important topic, this book will appeal to anyone researching international commercial law. It will also be a valuable resource for arbitrators and anyone working in international commercial litigation.

This edited collection on international commercial and investment disputes in, and with, India examines past and present landmark legislative and regulatory reforms initiated by the Indian government, including the 2015 new Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) model, the 2015 amendments to the 1996 Arbitration Act and the 2013 amendments to Section 135 of the Companies Act on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), as well as the most recent amendments to the same. The book also includes recent developments in the dispute resolution arena, regional, and international negotiations involving India, the legal profession's response to these developments, and civil society's comments. In addition, it addresses contemporary problems of key importance and at the centre of today's discussions, from the legitimacy and relevance of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) to the denunciation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and the role arbitration should play in emerging economies now leaders in world trade. In creating bridges between commercial and investment arbitration, it also renews the conceptual approach to these too often artificially isolated fields of law. The volume provides an accurate and updated account of the many fascinating conceptual and practical evolutions, which already impact the world of international dispute resolution far beyond the borders of India. This unique and exhaustive study will be of great appeal to a vast range of readers from practitioners to academia.

Originally published in 1955, this book describes in a clear and concise way the nature of a Trade Union in England from the legal point of view, the particular aspects of the Law which make it possible for Trade Unions to carry on their activities and the restraints which the Law place on them for the protection of their members and the community. It briefly reviews the history of Trade Union Law, describes the Acts of Parliament which made the modern Trade Union possible and deals with those aspects of the Law which are important for those who have industrial relations with Trade Unions.

Following two previous reports relating to "Personal Injury Awards in EU and EFTA Countries" this text undertakes further research into the subject. The report provides a guide to an understanding of the personal injury awards system in both the European Union (EU) and European Free Trading Area (EFTA), and looks at the changes that have taken place since 1991. The research compares the levels of compensation awarded to individuals within the member states and sets out recommendations for future procedures. Schedules, tables, graphs and commentary in the report demonstrate findings of each country's method of calculation and the compensation levels which could be expected by two types of hypothetical victim. The information provides a comparison of levels of compensation awarded for personal injury in each of these member countries. As yet, no provision has been made for harmonization of levels of awards in the EC and there are no draft directives or intended draft directives aimed at bringing about uniformity. Research shows that compensation awards vary considerably from country to country, which has an obvious bearing on legal advice to clients concerning where claims should be heard. Levels of award everywhere are influenced by the age and financial status of the injured party, but such factors are weighted differently in each country. In addition, awards for any one type of injury vary between jurisdictions. In order to offer a client the best possible advice on where to sue; a lawyer must be able to compare the levels of awards in the various countries. Large discrepancies between Italian and French awards are revealed as a consequence of the tragic Mont Blanc tunnel fire: Italian awards in fatal cases, depending on the personal status of the victim, are three to four times higher than the equivalent French awards. The text covers 20 jurisdictions, including a separate section on Scotland. It looks in detail at the methods of calculation in each member state by reference to schedules, tables, graphs and commentary on each country's system and the compensation levels which could be expected by two types of hypothetical victim. Potential awards to a married male doctor with two children are compared with those to an unmarried female legal secretary for 14 types of injury in each of these countries. For example, an unmarried female legal secretary with an injury that results in blindness will collect #610,469 in Italy, which is the largest award for that injury in the EU, and #100,000 in Austria, which is one of the smallest. If the legal secretary died, she would be worth 140 times more in Italy than in England. The text has added: exchange rate analyses and inflation comparisons across Europe; further categories of common injuries, namely, deafness, the concept of repetitive strain for several EU & EFTA countries and a schedule for stress (for England and Wales only); block graphs to cover more injuries; and an analysis of the changes which have taken place since the original survey and the survey for the second edition (1994) were carried out.

Clear and accessible writing style which is concise without oversimplification is ideal for those who are looking for a straightforward, easy-to-follow textbook on the Law of Evidence in England and Wales Contains numerous extracts from cases and judgments framed by author commentary, presenting students with a wide range of legal authority Utilises an innovative suite of pedagogic tools to support learning and develop understanding of the law, preparing students for assessment New chapter on evidence in arbitral tribunals and additional practice tips, as well as full updates to case law throughout.

The Humanity of Private Law presents a new way of thinking about English private law. Making a decisive break from earlier views of private law, which saw private law as concerned with wealth-maximisation or preserving relationships of mutual independence between its subjects, the author argues that English private law's core concern is the flourishing of its subjects. THIS VOLUME - presents a critique of alternative explanations of private law; - defines and sets out the key building blocks of private law; - sets out the vision of human flourishing (the RP) that English private law has in mind in seeking to promote its subjects' flourishing; - shows how various features of English private law are fine-tuned to ensure that its subjects enjoy a flourishing existence, according to the vision of human flourishing provided by the RP; - explains how other features of English private law are designed to preserve private law's legitimacy while it pursues its core concern of promoting human flourishing; - defends the view of English private law presented here against arguments that it does not adequately fit the rules and doctrines of private law, or that it is implausible to think that English private law is concerned with promoting human flourishing. A follow-up volume will question whether the RP is correct as an account of what human flourishing involves, and consider what private law would look like if it sought to give effect to a more authentic vision of human flourishing. The Humanity of Private Law is essential reading for students, academics and judges who are interested in understanding private law in common law jurisdictions, and for anyone interested in the nature and significance of human flourishing.

The increasing number of executive tasks assigned to EU institutions and agencies has resulted in a greater demand for justice that can no longer be satisfied by the courts alone. This has led to the development of a wide range of administrative remedies that have become a central part of the EU administrative justice system. This book examines the important theoretical and practical issues raised by this phenomenon. The work focuses on five administrative remedies: internal review; administrative appeals to the Commission against decisions of executive and decentralised agencies; independent administrative review of decisions of decentralised agencies; complaints to the EU Ombudsman; and complaints to the EU Data Protection Supervisor. The research rests on the idea that there is a complex, and at times ambivalent, relationship between administrative remedies and the varying degrees of autonomy of EU institutions and bodies, offices and agencies. The work draws on legislation, internal rules of executive bodies, administrative practices and specific case law, data and statistics. This empirical approach helps to unveil the true dynamics present within these procedures and demonstrates that whilst administrative remedies may improve the relationship between individuals and the EU administration, their interplay with administrative autonomy might lead to a risk of fragmentation and incoherence in the EU administrative justice system.

This book focuses on the tactics and strategies used in business-to-business contract negotiations. In addition to outlining general negotiation concepts, techniques and tools, it provides insight into relevant framework conditions, underlying mechanisms and also presents generally occurring terms and problems. Moreover, different negotiating styles are illustrated using an exemplary presentation of negotiation peculiarities in China, the USA and Germany. The presented tactics and strategies combine interdisciplinary psychological and economic knowledge as well as findings from the field of communication science. The application scope of these tactics and strategies covers business-to-business negotiations as well as company-internal negotiations. The fact that this book does not necessarily stipulate any prior knowledge of the subject of negotiations also makes it highly suitable for nonprofessionals with a pronounced interested in negotiations. Nonetheless, it provides proficient negotiators with a deeper understanding for situations experienced in negotiations. This book also helps practioners to identify underlying mechanisms and on this basis sustainably improve their negotiation skills.

- Includes case studies offering insight into famous historical cases and contemporary practicing laboratories. - Represents the first publication to offer a comprehensive introduction to the topic for beginners. - Written by an experienced professional working in the field.

This volume is a first-rate collection of classic articles covering all major aspects of calculating economic damages in injury and death cases. Selected by some of the foremost practitioners in the field, the 53 articles discuss the concepts, methodologies and reasoning used by forensic economists: they examine issues involving life and worklife expectancy, earnings and earnings capacity, fringe benefits, medical and personal care costs, taxes, discounting, personal consumption, household services, hedonic damages, and the relationship of forensic economics to ethics and the law. The editors have written an authoritative introduction to complement their collection. The volume will be essential reading for practising forensic economists, lawyers and academics in the fields of forensic economics, labor economics and tort law.

`Kuk Cho and his colleagues are to be heartily commended for masterfully advancing understanding of Korea's legal system through Litigation in Korea. In this impressive volume, Professor Cho and ten talented scholars from leading Korean universities explore the full spectrum of major forms of litigation in Korea, including civil, criminal, constitutional, administrative, and patent litigation. Foreign readers will be pleased to know that while the papers are well grounded doctrinally, several also deftly explore issues of law and society. Anyone interested in litigation in Korea will be very grateful for this fine volume.'---William Alford, Harvard Law School, USA`This is a path-breaking volume. Covering a wide range of topics in both public and private law litigation in Korea, the authors utilize both black letter and more theoretical approaches to provide a comprehensive overview of the law. The book will be required reading for anyone wanting to understand the Korean legal system today.'---Thomas Ginsburg, Chicago Law School, USA This informative book provides an overview of the law and judicial institutions pertaining to litigation in Korea, as well as a selection of important court decisions. Throughout Korea's democratization process, litigation has played a crucial role as an instrument to solve most of the challenging civic and social conflicts-which in turn have ramifications in the nation's political, constitutional, societal and cultural domains. The expert contributors explore civil procedure, criminal procedure, constitutional adjudication, administrative litigation, and patent litigation in the Republic of Korea. As the first publication in the English language to provide a comprehensive picture of litigation in Korea, this book will appeal to scholars and post-graduate students in Asian studies, as well as lawyers dealing with Korea-related cases. Kuk Cho is in the School of Law at Seoul National University, Korea.

Addresses simple to advance microscopy techniques for the effective analyses of trace evidence Pairs chapters on a particular type of microscopy, explaining it fully, before delving into specific usage for forensic applications Presents theories and as well as the real-world applications outlining current standards and best practices Provides numerous micro-photographs from authors' and editors' collections, including graphical representations and flow charts to clearly illustrate concepts

Addresses simple to advance microscopy techniques for the effective analyses of trace evidence Pairs chapters on a particular type of microscopy, explaining it fully, before delving into specific usage for forensic applications Presents theories and as well as the real-world applications outlining current standards and best practices Provides numerous micro-photographs from authors' and editors' collections, including graphical representations and flow charts to clearly illustrate concepts

This fourth edition of Business Law offers comprehensive and accessible coverage of the key aspects of business law. Established legal topics such as the English legal system, Contract, Consumer, Intellectual Property, Company and Employment Law, and emerging areas such as Health, Safety and Environmental Law are all addressed in the context of business. The work has been thoroughly updated to include all the major recent developments in business law, such as the new EU Trade Secrets Directive and case outcomes decided since the publication of the last edition. The book also discusses the impact of Brexit. In addition, the book features extensive diagrams and tables, revision summaries, reading lists, and clear key case boxes for easy reference. This book is ideal reading for undergraduate law and business studies students, while also applicable to practitioners and those with a more general interest in business law.

What role can US domestic courts play in the worldwide enforcement of human rights? When international courts deny hearings to individual plaintiffs who cannot obtain the sponsorship of their own government (which may well be the defendant), these plaintiffs are finding US courts increasingly willing to hear their cases. This volume considers the implications of this de facto extension of the jurisdiction of US courts, the problem of enforcing the decisions of the courts, the relationship between human rights law and foreign policy and the emerging consensus on the primacy of human rights over the sovereign rights of states.

The book provides a comprehensive and principled account of the uncertainty problem that arises in tort litigation. It presents and critically examines the existing doctrinal solutions of the problem, as evolved in England, the United States, Canada, and Israel, and also offers a number of original solutions, such as imposition of collective liability and liability for evidential damage. Among the issues dealt with by the book are rapidly developing areas of tort law, such as mass torts, liability for imposing risk and the like. The book combines the traditional doctrinal depiction of the law with general theoretical insights that include economic analysis.

The aim of this edited collection of essays is to examine the relationship between private law and power - both the public power of the state and the 'private' power of institutions and individuals. It describes and critically assesses the way that private law doctrines, institutions, processes and rules express, moderate, facilitate and control relationships of power. The various chapters of this work examine the dynamics of the relationship between private law and power from a number of different perspectives - historical, theoretical, doctrinal and comparative. They have been commissioned from leading experts in the field of private law, from several different Commonwealth Jurisdictions (Australia, the UK, Canada and New Zealand), each with expertise in the particular sphere of their contribution. They aim to illuminate the past and assist in resolving some contemporary, difficult legal issues relating to the shape, scope and content of private law and its difficult relationship with power.

Teaching Evidence Law sets out the contemporary experiences of evidence teachers in a range of common law countries across four continents: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It addresses key themes and places these in the context of academic literature on the teaching of evidence, proof and fact-finding. This book focuses on the methods used to teach a mix of abstract and practical rules, as well as the underlying skills of fact-analysis, that students need to apply the law in practice, to research it in the future and to debate its appropriateness. The chapters describe innovative ways of overcoming the many challenges of this field, addressing the expanding fields of evidence law, how to reach and accommodate new audiences with an interest in evidence, and the tools devised to meet old and new pedagogical problems in this area. Part of Routledge's series on Legal Pedagogy, this book will be of great interest to academics, post-graduate students, teachers and researchers of evidence law, as well as those with a wider interest in legal pedagogy or legal practice.