This volume will be a collection of chapters from authors with wide experience in their research field. The purpose is to produce a coherent book that reflects the common theme of theory in medical thinking and multidisciplinary research practice. In this context "theory" relates to frameworks of concepts, facts, models etc that help to inform practitioners (clinicians, scientists and engineers) both within their own fields and as they seek to share dialogue with colleagues from other fields.
The book will therefore be integrative across a broad spectrum of fields within medicine. To achieve this the chapters will be associated with others in a number of meaningful ways. Each chapter will share a number of points of contact that will include at least two of the following:

*similar biomedical area (e.g., immunity, neuroscience, endocrinology, pathology, oncology, haematology, ...)
*similar multidisciplinary theoretical contexts (e.g., modelling, analysis, description, visualization, complex systems, ...)
*similar multidisciplinary medical issues and questions (e.g., clinical practice, decision making, informatics, ...)
-Uniquely explores role of interdisciplinary exchange in the development and expansion of medical theory
-Timely and insightful essays on the growth and development of medical theories from some of the world's top clinicians and medical researchers, including Werner Arber, Frank Vertosick, and David Weatherall
-Assembles diverse perspectives on medicine and physiology from biology, statistics, ethics, computer science, philosophy, history
-Uniquely illuminates the social and historical processes through which theoretical research translates intoclinical practice
-Reveals the growing role of technology, especially computational modelling, in changing the nature of Western medicine

Available water disinfection systems rely mainly on large-scale filtration and the combination of filtration (to remove solids), and subsequent application of chemical disinfectants. This has proven to produce water of acceptable quality. Important points for application in household systems are low complexity, few training requirements, and easy transportation and distribution as well as a sufficiently high acceptance by the user. " "

Written and endorsed by the "European Federation of Food Science and Technology "thisbook compares a variety of purification systems. There is a growing evidence base on targeting water quality improvements to maximize health benefits, and it is believed that 4% of the global disease burden could be prevented by improving water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. Better tools and procedures to improve and protect drinking-water quality at the community and urban level, for example, through Water Safety Plans include the availability of simple and inexpensive approaches to treat and safely store water at the household-level.

*Provides single-source comparison of advantages and disadvantages relevant to the various practices of multiple water treatments

*Acknowledges the limitations of governmental interventions that need to be supplemented by individual practices such as home implementation systems

*Provides practical implementation insights and perspectives via graphs, tablesand charts that make information readily accessible and comparable"

Bread and flour-based foods are an important part of the diet for millions of people worldwide. Their complex nature provides energy, protein, minerals and many other macro- and micronutrients. However, consideration must be taken of three major aspects related to flour and bread. The first is that not all cultures consume bread made from wheat flour. There are literally dozens of flour types, each with their distinctive heritage, cultural roles and nutritive contents. Second, not all flours are used to make leavened bread in the traditional (i.e., Western) loaf form. There are many different ways that flours are used in the production of staple foods. Third, flour and breads provide a suitable means for fortification: either to add components that are removed in the milling and purification process or to add components that will increase palatability or promote health and reduce disease per se.

"Flour and Breads and their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention" provides a single-volume reference to the healthful benefits of a variety of flours and flour products, and guides the reader in identifying options and opportunities for improving health through flour and fortified flour products.

Examines those flour and bread related agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions.

Explores the impact of compositional differences between flours, including differences based on country of origin and processing technique.

Includes methods for analysis of flours and bread-related compounds in other foods.

The preservation processes for foods have evolved over several centuries, but recent attention to non-thermal technologies suggests that a new dimension of change has been initiated.
The new dimension to be emphasized is the emerging technologies for preservation of foods and the need for sound base of information to be developed as inputs for systematic process design. The focus of the work is on process design, and emphasizes the need for quantitative information as inputs to process design.
The concepts presented build on the successful history of thermal processing of foods and use many examples from these types of preservation processes. Preservation of foods by refrigeration, freezing, concentration and dehydration are not addressed directly, but many of the concepts to be presented would apply. Significant attention is given to the fate of food quality attributes during the preservation process and the concept of optimizing process parameters to maximize the retention of food quality.
Focuses on three elements of preservation process:
* Kinetic Models for Food Components
* Transport Models in Food Systems
* Process Design Models

Nutrigenomics is the rapidly developing field of science that studies nutrient-gene interaction. This field has broad implications for understanding the interaction of human genomics and nutrition, but can also have very specific implications for individual dietary recommendations in light of personal genetics. Predicted applications for nutrigenomics include genomics-based dietary guidelines and personalized nutrition based on individual genetic tests. These developments have sweeping ethical, legal and regulatory implications for individuals, corporations and governments.
This book brings together experts in ethics, law, regulatory analysis, and communication studies to identify and address relevant issues in the emerging field of nutritional genomics. Contributing authors are experts in the social aspects of biotechnology innovation, with expertise in nutrigenomics.
From addressing the concern that nutrigenomics will transform food into medicine and undermine pleasures associated with eating to the latest in the science of nutrigenomics, this book provides a world-wide perspective on the potential impact of nutrigenomics on our association with food.
*Explores the rapidly developing, yet not fully understood, impact of nutrigenomics on the relationship to food medicalization, genetic privacy, nutrition and health.
*Provides ground for further exploration to identify issues and provide analysis to aid in policy and regulation development
*Provides ethical and legal insights into this unfolding science, as well as serving as a model for thinking about issues arising in other fields of science and technology

"What Can Nanotechnology Learn From Biotechnology?" presents diverse perspectives on biotechnology and nanotechnologies. Avoiding extreme perspectives, unwarranted hype and absolute rejection, this book explores the diverse territory of proponents and opponents of challenging but potentially risky technologies. Contributions from recognized experts in their fields represent the perspectives of a diverse range of stakeholders.
This book details the lessons to be learned from the controversy over genetically modified foods, and how those lessons can be applied to developing nanotechnologies, particularly agricultural and other food-related applications. Exploring the environmental, social and ethical impact of nanotechnology in addition to the technical and economical impacts, it an ideal reference for any scientist, engineer, research program administrator, resource allocator, and NGO advocate.
Key Features:
*Addresses the growing concern over the responsibility of science to the impacted population
*Uses real-world experience to outline practical approaches for emerging technologies
*Addresses the concerns of science as well as social science

Antioxidant Food Supplements in Human Health discusses new discoveries in the areas of oxygen and nitric oxide metabolism and pathophysiology, redox regulation and cell signaling, and the identification of natural antioxidants and their mechanisms of action on free radicals and their role in health and disease.
An essential resource for researchers, students, and professionals in food science and nutrition, gerontology, physiology, pharmacology, and related areas.
Key Features
* Health effects of antioxidant nutrients
* Nutrients of vitamins C and E, selenium, alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, carotenoids, and flavonoids
* Natural source antioxidants, including pine bark, ginko biloba, wine, herbs, uyaku, and carica papaya

Polysaccharides are the subject of heightened interest today, and this book is a concise and fully up-to-date study of the properties of food polysaccharides, describing their interaction with water, the mass-volume-pressure-relationship, various types of mathematical modeling, and the common phenomenology under different combinations of stimuli. New empirical and theoretical equations, which are not often identified with food technologies, are used to support the findings. Polysaccharide Dispersions: Chemistry and Technology in Food is written in a simple, nontechnical style and should be equally comprehensible to the student, the researcher, the plant manager, and the casual observer with only a modest technical background.
Key Features
* Contains fundamental principles, practical applications, and new discoveries regarding polysaccharides
* Presents material in a simple, easy to understand style
* Focuses exclusively on the food industry

This treatise embraces all of the various efforts to reduce fat in meat. Establishing methods such as breeding and feeding to control fatness are covered, but emphasis is on emerging technologies including meat processing and partitioning agents to reduce fat. Human implicaitons, such as health, social, ethical, and economic factors, are given special attention. Sensory charcteristics of low-fat meat, animal well being, and two new directions for the future are also discussed. Low-Fat Meats: Design Strategies and Human Implications provides an up-to-date overview of the technologies to produce low-fat meat, with a balanced discussion of the issues.
Paying speical attention to health, social ethical, and economic implications inherent in developing low-fat meats, this volume also discusses sensory characteristics of low-fat meat, animal well being, and new directions for the future.

The area of food toxicology currently has a high profile of interest in the food industry, universities, and government agencies, and is certainly of great concern to consumers. There are many books which cover selected toxins in foods (such as plant toxins, mycotoxins, pesticides, or heavy metals), but this book represents the first pedagogic treatment of the entire range of toxic compounds found naturally in foods or introduced by industrial contamination or food processing methods. Featuring coverage of areas of vital concern to consumers, such as toxicological implications of food adulteration (as seen in ethylene glycol in wines or the Spanish olive oil disaster) or pesticide residues, Introduction to Food Toxicology will be of interest to students in toxicology, environmental studies, and dietetics as well as anyone interested in food sources and public health issues.
The number of students who are interested in toxicology has increased dramatically in the past several years. Issues related to toxic materials have received more and more attention from the public. The issues and potential problems are reported almost daily by the mass media, including television, newspapers, and magazines. Major misunderstandings and confusion raised by those reports are generally due to lack of basic knowledge about toxicology among consumers. This textbook provides the basic principles of food toxicology in order to help the general public better understand the real problems of toxic materials in foods.
Key Features
* Principles of toxicology
* Toxicities of chemicals found in foods
* Occurrence of natural toxins in plant and animal foodstuffs
* Food contamination caused by industry
* Toxic chemicals related to food processing
* Food additives
* Microbial toxins in foods

This standard reference covers the sources, manufacture, specifications, chemistry, physical properties, and current and potential uses of gums. It provides an outline of gums and their uses as well as an understanding of why gums behave in different ways, giving the reader an ability to select the best gum for a particular purpose. Chapters have been constructed to provide balanced information and chapter authors have been selected because of outstanding competence in their specialized areas. Industrial Gums is a useful reference for students and industrial researchers and engineers in chemical, industrial, and applied engineering, biochemistry, food technology, materials chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and biopolymers.

This book describes the basic principles of food packaging, as well as recent advances in new materials. The Japanese are world leaders in this area, and detailed information on certain aspects of their industry are presented in this volume.
Key Features
* Sanitation and waste of food packaging materials
* Food packaging and energy in Japan
* New trends in the technology of food preservation
* Fresh and processed food packaging

This is the second edition of Horse Feeding and Nutrition which was originally published in 1980. It provides the latest information available for those interested in the feeding and nutrition of horses. This new edition has been entirely revised to include the large amount of new research information that has become available since publication of the first edition. Three new chapters have been added, entitled Feeding and Health-Related Problems, The Complexity of Proper Bone Formation, and Exercise Physiology. New feed and food crops, improved methods of production and processing, increased productivity of animals and crops, changes in animal products including more lean and less fat in meat and less fat in milk, longer shelf-life requirements of animal food products, and a myriad of new technological developments have resulted in a need to continually re-evaluate nutrient requirements and supplementation.
Sample diets are given, useful as guides in developing diets for horses. Suggested levels of protein, minerals, and vitamins for use in horse diets are presented. These can be used as guides which can be modified to suit the various feeding situations encountered in horse farms.
The volume of scientific literature is increasing rapidly each year. Moreover, its interpretation is becoming more complex. This increases the need for summarizing and interpreting these new developments in up-to-date books such as in this one.
Key Features
* Sample diets-useful as guides in developing diets for horses
* Suggested levels of protein, minerals, and vitamins for use in horse diets
* These can be used as guides which can be modified to suit the various feeding situations encountered in horse farms.

This comprehensive volume examines the interrelationships of nitrogen and energy nutrition of ruminants. It provides exhaustive coverage of basic concepts, applications, and new research developments.
Rumen microbial activity is emphasized. The author, an expert in animal nutrition, discusses new systems of determining dietary energy requirements, the effect of processing feedstuffs, and stress factors. He reviews the availability of nutrients in grains, distillers' grain residues, oilseed meals, molasses, silages, pastures, crop residues, and aquatic plants. Growth stimulants, nutritional management of ruminants in feedlots and pastures, and the value of feed additives are also among the topics considered.
The scope of coverage provided by this volume will make it the leading reference for teachers, researchers, consultants, livestock producers, feed manufacturers, and all others who are involved in ruminant feeding and nutrition.
From the Preface: This volume covers research on various nitrogen and energy feedstuffs and defines terminology commonly utilized in nitrogen and energy nutrition. The utilization of nitrogen and energy in oilseed meals, fish meals, cereal grains, distillers' residues, molasses, silages, grasses, hays, crop residues, animal waste, and nonprotein nitrogen sources is discussed. Details are given on development and utilization of net energy systems, systems for balancing total nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen with total digestible nutrients (TDN) or energy components of ruminant diets. Discussions are presented on metabolism, feedlot, milking, and grazing trials. Growth stimulants, processing of feedstuffs, type of animal, and environmental and management factors that affect feed intake, growth, feed efficiency, and quality of product are reviewed.
Emphasis is given to the contributions of ruminal microbes in upgrading forage and nonprotein nitrogen sources to higher-quality bacterial protein, as well as their ability to downgrade high-quality protein and waste nitrogen when protein is fed in excess of microbial needs. Research is presented on means to increase bypassing of the rumen to prevent nitrogen wastage when ruminants are fed concentrate diets. Contributions of ruminal microbes in utilizing cellulosic materials as lignocellulose and hemicellulose as well as starch and other carbohydrates are discussed.

Food Science and Technology: A Series of Monographs: Statistical Methods in Food and Consumer Research focuses on the applications of statistical methods and specialized techniques in food and consumer research. The publication begins with a review of tools for statistical inference, statistical sensory testing, and analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. Discussions focus on principles of experimental design, psychophysical aspects of sensory data, scales of measurement, distribution of sensory data, sample size estimation, and analysis of variance. The text then ponders on experimental design and incomplete block experimental designs. The book touches on factorial experiments and response surface designs and analysis. Topics include fitting of response surface design considerations, simple confounding and fractional factorial experiments, composite and rotatable designs, and response surface analysis approach for sensory data. The manuscript then examines shelf life testing experiments, nonparametric statistical methods, and sensory difference tests and selection of panel members. The publication is a dependable source material for researchers, instructors, and applied statisticians.