This book explores the remarkable information correspondences and probability structures of proteins. Correspondences are pervasive in biochemistry and bioinformatics: proteins share homologies, folding patterns, and mechanisms. Probability structures are just as paramount: folded state graphics reflect Angstrom-scale maps of electron density. The author explores protein sequences (primary structures), both individually and in sets (systems) with the help of probability and information tools. This perspective will enhance the reader's knowledge of how an important class of molecules is designed and put to task in natural systems, and how we can approach class members in hands-on ways.

The concepts of estimands, analyses (estimators), and sensitivity are interrelated. Therefore, great need exists for an integrated approach to these topics. This book acts as a practical guide to developing and implementing statistical analysis plans by explaining fundamental concepts using accessible language, providing technical details, real-world examples, and SAS and R code to implement analyses. The updated ICH guideline raises new analytic and cross-functional challenges for statisticians. Gaps between different communities have come to surface, such as between causal inference and clinical trialists, as well as among clinicians, statisticians, and regulators when it comes to communicating decision-making objectives, assumptions, and interpretations of evidence. This book lays out a path toward bridging some of these gaps. It offers ? A common language and unifying framework along with the technical details and practical guidance to help statisticians meet the challenges ? A thorough treatment of intercurrent events (ICEs), i.e., postrandomization events that confound interpretation of outcomes and five strategies for ICEs in ICH E9 (R1) ? Details on how estimands, integrated into a principled study development process, lay a foundation for coherent specification of trial design, conduct, and analysis needed to overcome the issues caused by ICEs: ? A perspective on the role of the intention-to-treat principle ? Examples and case studies from various areas ? Example code in SAS and R ? A connection with causal inference ? Implications and methods for analysis of longitudinal trials with missing data Together, the authors have offered the readers their ample expertise in clinical trial design and analysis, from an industrial and academic perspective.

This new volume, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, Volume 1: Plant-Derived Polymers, presents some of the latest research on the applications of natural polymers in drug delivery and therapeutics for healthcare benefits. Polymers and their applications from several plants are discussed in depth, including tamarind gum, gum Arabic, natural carbohydrate polymer gum tragacanth, pectin, guar gum and its derivatives, locust bean gum, sterculia gum, okra gum, and others. The use of the polymers derived from plants as potential pharmaceutical excipients is expanding day by day because of their stability in the biological system, drug-releasing capability, drug-targeting abilities, as well as their bioavailability.

Many polymers derived from various marine sources and microorganisms possess some important biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioadhesivity that make them attractive as pharmaceutical excipients in various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Moreover, these polymers can be modified physically and/or chemically to improve their biomaterial properties. In this volume, Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, Volume 2: Marine- and Microbiologically Derived Polymers, looks at how these polymers have been explored and exploited for pharmaceutical uses, such as in tablets, microparticles, nanoparticles, ophthalmic preparations, gels, emulsions, suspensions, etc. Some commonly used marine- and microbiologically derived polymers used as pharmaceutical excipients include alginates, agar-agar, gellan gum, carrageenan; chitosan, xanthan gum, and others. The book focuses on important recent advances from experts around the world on marine-derived polysaccharides and pharmaceutical applications of alginates, agar-agar, gellan gum, carrageenan, chitosan derivatives, xanthan gum.

In recent years, many animal-derived polymers have emerged as an attractive category of naturally derived polymers because of their advantageous physicochemical, chemical, and biological properties. The important biological properties of these natural polymers derived from animals are biocompatibility and biodegradation. These polymers are generally composed of repeated units of amino acids. Moreover, these polymers can be modified physically and/or chemically to improve their biomaterial properties. Natural Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications, Volume 3: Animal-Derived Polymers looks at how these polymers can be exploited as pharmaceutical excipients in various pharmaceutical dosage forms, like microparticles, nanoparticles, ophthalmic preparations, gels, implants, etc. The commonly used animal-derived polymers used as pharmaceutical excipients are hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan), albumin, collagen, gelatin, chondroitin, etc.

Variability in vegetable pathogens is a critical issue, particularly in changing environments, as it presents challenges to accurate diagnoses and proper management. This book focuses on the diverse ecology of phytopathogens, covering the varying disease categories (acute, chronic, and emerging), the mechanisms involved in disease development, pathogen variability, and disease management. The book also discusses the preharvest and postharvest challenges that arise due to these phytopathogens. Key Features: * Provides an overview of phytopathogens that affect vegetables in various environmental conditions * Discusses how to manage vegetables affected by specific pathogens * Offers eco-friendly approaches to prevent postharvest diseases * Presents a comprehensive guide to identifying and addressing numerous diseases for individuals in the fields of horticulture

Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants: Scope, Applications and Potential Health Claims explores the importance of medicinal plants and their potential benefits for human health. This book looks at bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, the health benefits of bioactive compounds, the applications of plant-based products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The first section discusses available sources of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, biochemistry, structural composition, potential biological activities, and how bioactive molecules are isolated from medicinal plants. The authors examine the applications of bioactive molecules from a health perspective, looking at the pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants, the phytochemical and biological activities of different natural products, and ethnobotany/and medicinal properties, and also present a novel dietary approach for disease management. The book goes on to examine the plant-based products are used and can be used in various sectors of the food and pharmaceutical industries.

This valuable volume addresses the growing consumer demand for novel functional food products and for high-value, nutritionally rich products by focusing on the sources and applications of bioactives from food. The chapters in the book describe functional properties and discuss applications of the selected food ingredients obtained from various sources, including culinary banana, phalsa, pseudocereals, roselle calyces, asparagus, and more. Several chapters address the resurgence of interest in pseudocereals due to their excellent nutritional and biological values, gluten-free composition, and the presence of some health-promoting compounds. The book also looks at utilizing industrial byproducts for making functional and nutraceutical ingredients. The chapters on prebiotics and probiotics highlight different functional properties, and a chapter on food allergens discusses advancements in detection and management in the food manufacturing industries.

The new volume looks at some important emerging food processing technologies in light of the demand for functional food products and high-value and nutritionally rich products. Technologies for Value Addition in Food Products and Processes covers a selection of important recent developments in food processing that work to enrich or maintain nutritional value of food products, including such applications as non-thermal plasma, refractance window drying, extrusion, enzyme immobilization, and dry fractionation. Dry fractionation, in particular, has emerged as a sustainable alternative to wet processes in last three decades for producing protein concentrates from legumes. Several chapters on fish processing cover both traditional knowledge and advances in fish processing technologies. A chapter on bioethanol production discusses the past and present status of the industry, focusing on economic feasibility and environmental viability. A chapter also discusses traditional fermentation process and nutritional aspects of ethnic foods followed by the Rabha-Hasong, Mishing and Karbi communities of Assam, India. With the contribution from experts in their respective fields, this volume provides new information on novel food processing technologies.

This first-of-its-kind handbook offers crucial information on the safety of drugs taken during pregnancy. It covers an exhaustive list of common and less common drugs and provides for each drug the FDA letter categorization and newly approved "Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR)" systems for rating drug risks in pregnancy, imposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Drugs in Pregnancy: A Handbook for Pharmacists and Physicians covers the pregnancy ramifications of using anti-infective, cardiovascular, hematologic, dermatologic drugs and drugs affecting the endocrine, central, autonomic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal systems in addition to herbs, vitamins and dietary supplements. To enable the reader to develop well-informed knowledge about a drug safety profile during pregnancy, three sections of data have been provided for each drug: FDA Category, Risk Summary, and Further Reading.

This informative volume provides new insights with scientific evidence on the uses of medicinal plants in the treatment of certain diseases. It reviews various therapies with herbal phytoconstituents for certain types of disorders, modes of action, and pharmacological screening. It focuses on potential benefits of herbal extracts and bioactive compounds for human health care, provides a comparative phytoconstituent analysis of selected medicinal plants using GCMS/FTIR techniques, and discusses the role of herbal medicines in female genital infections. It goes on to look at the health-boosting properties of cabbage and the functional properties of milk yam (Ipomoea digitata L.).

Thermal Engineering of Nuclear Power Stations: Balance-of-Plant Systems serves as a ready reference to better analyze common engineering challenges in the areas of turbine cycle analysis, thermodynamics, and heat transfer. The scope of the book is broad and comprehensive, encompassing the mechanical aspects of the entire nuclear station balance of plant from the source of the motive steam to the discharge and/or utilization of waste heat and beyond. Written for engineers in the fields of nuclear plant and thermal engineering, the book examines the daily, practical problems encountered by mechanical design, system, and maintenance engineers. It provides clear examples and solutions drawn from numerous case studies in actual, operating nuclear stations.

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Fundamentals of Luminescence' elucidates the theoretical background and fundamental properties of luminescence as applied to solid-state phosphor materials. The book includes the chapters that cover: Basic principles of luminescence, the principal phosphor materials, and their optical properties New developments in principal phosphors in nitrides, perovskite, and silicon carbide Revised lanthanide level locations and its impact on phosphor performance Detailed descriptions of energy transfer and upconversion processes in bulk and nanoscaled particles and core-shell structures Rapid developing organic and polymer luminescent materials and devices

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Experimental Methods for Phosphor Evaluation and Characterization' addresses the theoretical and experimental methods for phosphor evaluation and characterization. The chapters in the book cover: First principle and DFT analysis of optical, structural, and chemical properties of phosphors Phosphor design and tuning through structure and solid solution Design for IR, NIR, and narrowband emission and thermally stable phosphors and nanophosphors Detailed illustration for measurement of the absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of phosphors Phosphor analysis through photoionization, high pressure, and synchrotron radiation studies

Beverages are a convenient and versatile product that may either serve to fulfill consumers' needs for hydration or as a pleasant liquor. Among the sensory attributes of beverages that drive consumer acceptability is aroma, directly influenced by the quantity and type of volatile compounds contained inside them. Volatile Compounds Formation in Specialty Beverages contains remarkable information about volatile compounds of specialty beverages, addressing aspects involved from production processes to biochemical pathways. Divided in two sections, this book answers such key-questions as like how different classes of volatile compounds affect the specialty beverage sensory profile; furthermore, the section on distilled beverages brings supplies information on the contribution of maturation to the beverage volatile profile. Key Features: Provides information on the contribution of each class of volatile compounds to the beverages' aroma Describes the biochemical pathways involved in the volatile compounds generation Covers both traditional and exotic, fermented, and distilled beverages Shows how the production process affects the volatile compounds formation Organized by experienced editors and written by authors from around the world, this book describes the most important aspects of volatile compounds formation in traditional beverages like whisky and sparkling wine, as well as in exotic beverages like cachaca and kombucha. It is a unique source for food scientists, chemists, chemical engineers and other professionals interested in learning about volatile compounds formation in fermented and distilled beverages.

This one-stop reference is the first to present the complete picture -- covering all relevant organisms, from single cells to mammals, as well as all major disease areas, including neurological disorders, cancer and infectious diseases.
Addressing the needs of the pharmaceutical industry, this unique handbook adopts a broad perspective on the use of animals in the early part of the drug development process, including regulatory rules and limitations, as well as numerous examples from real-life drug development projects.
After a general introduction to the topic, the expert contributors from research-driven pharmaceutical companies discuss the basic considerations of using animal models, including ethical issues. The main part of the book systematically surveys the most important disease areas for current drug development, from cardiovascular to endocrine disorders, and from infectious to neurological diseases. For each area, the availability of animal models for target validation, hit finding and lead profiling is reviewed, backed by numerous examples of both successes and failures among the use of animal models. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of perspectives and challenges.
Key knowledge for drug researchers in industry as well as academia.

This book addresses various clinical and sub clinical applications of antioxidant nutraceuticals, with a primary focus on preventive use for general wellness, common ailments, and such chronic illnesses as cancer and neurological applications. This unique book captures the applications of natural antioxidants, which have been used for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Medicine as well as modern nutraceuticals formulations. It covers antioxidant applications in clinical scenarios including the historical perspective, basic antioxidant properties and applications, anti-inflammatory properties, and antioxidant applications in a variety of clinical conditions.

There has been a wealth of recent research on the complex changes involved in bread making and how they influence the many traits consumers use to define quality. Bread making: improving quality sums up this key research and what it means for improved process control and a better, more consistent product.
After an introductory review of bread making as a whole part one discusses wheat and flour quality. Chapter 3 summarises current research on the structure of wheat, providing the context for chapters on wheat proteins (chapters 5 and 6) and starch (chapter 7). There are also chapters on ways of measuring wheat and flour quality, and improving flour for bread making. Part two reviews dough formation and its impact on the structure and properties of bread. It includes chapters on the molecular structure of dough, foam formation and bread aeration together with discussion of the role of key ingredients such as water. A final group of chapters then discusses other aspects of quality such as improving taste and nutritional properties, as well as preventing moulds and mycotoxin contamination.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Bread making: improving quality is a standard work both for industry and the research community.

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Novel Phosphors, Synthesis, and Applications' provides the descriptions of synthesis and optical properties of phosphors used in different applications, including the novel phosphors for some newly developed applications. The chapters in this book cover: Various LED-based phosphors and their synthesis and applications Ingenious integrated smart phosphors and their novel optoelectronic and photonic devices Quantum dot, single crystalline, and glass phosphors Upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging and photonic and biological applications Special phosphors for laser, OLED, energy storage, quantum cutting, thermometry, photosynthesis, AC-driven LED, and solar cells

Nanotechnology has the potential to change every part of our lives. Today, nanotechnology-based products are used in many areas, and one of the most important areas is drug delivery. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems not only provide controlled delivery of drugs and improved drug solubility but also improve drug efficiency and reduce side effects via targeting mechanisms. However, compared with conventional drug delivery systems, few nanoparticle-based products are on the market and almost all are nontargeted or only passively targeted systems. In addition, obtaining targeted nanoparticle systems is quite complex and requires several evaluation mechanisms. This book discusses the production, characterization, regulation, and currently marketed targeted nanoparticle systems in a broad framework. It provides an overview of targeted nanoparticles' (i) in vitro characterization, such as particle size, stability, ligand density, and type; (ii) in vivo behavior for different targeting areas, such as tumor, brain, and vagina; and (iii) current advances in this field, including clinical trials and regulation processes.

Presents cutting-edge research in biomedical engineering from materials, devices, imaging, and information perspectives All chapters are results of collaborative research in engineering and life sciences Useful resource for researchers, students, and general readers in biomedical engineering

Provides information about the different surfactants. Describes constraints in production and novel production strategies. Includes application oriented aspects of biosurfactants in various fields such as agriculture, Environmental, Pharmaceutical, and Food industry. Authored by experts in the field of biosurfactants.

The present book is an amalgamation of various topics which are quite relevant to academics pertaining to food science and technology. Sincere attempts have been made to map consumer's perception in terms of sensory evaluation of processed foods and their role on quality determination. To cover food safety, the topic of advancement in the traceability and transparency of food supply chain is discussed in length. Besides, providing basic nutrition food has become an essential source of health promoting phyto-ingredients too. To take care of the concerned population, therapeutic foods have also been discussed with their future trends. Similarly, recent trends in functional and Nutraceutical foods were also discussed in detail so as to give an exhaustive overlook of such subject matter. To give impetus to the growing and aged generations, the importance of the technology of weaning and geriatric foods is described in detail. Bio-preservation of various food products including fermentation had always attracted researchers for various reasons, inclusive of its novel and chemical free approach of preservation which has been aptly covered under current expansions in microbiology for food preservation and also under progression in biotechnology and its application in food processing. The cross linkage of advance technologies inclusive of nano-science is elaborated as technological advances in nano- science for specific food and nutrition delivery. Oil and spice commerce are two giants pillars in food processing industries and readers would surely be wishing to understand the developments in the technology of oils refineries and condiments. Smart and intelligent packing systems always extend an upper hand as far as shelf life monitoring of any processed food is concerned, especially when these are import worthy products. The science and technological approach of these packing innovations is also well covered. Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.

Withania is a genus of the nightshade family of flowering plants distributed in the subtropical regions from the Mediterranean to South East Asia. Only two species, W. somnifera and W. coagulans, are found in India. The most common species is W. somnifera (WS), which occurs naturally in the subtropical regions from the Mediterranean through Africa to the Middle East, the Indian Continent, Sri Lanka, South East Asia, subtropical America and Australia. It is a perennial shrub that grows to 75 cm (.75 m) tall with tomentose branches, oval yellowish green leaves, orange red berries and a papery calyx, and it survives harsher climatic conditions. In Ayurveda it is believed the plants which survive harsh conditions have strong healing and tonification properties. The main bioactive phytoconstituents of WS are withanolides (steroidal lactones), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, phenolics and others. Among the various withanolides, withanolide A, withaferin A, withanone and withanolide D are the most abundant, having various activities. WS is a wonder herb with a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antidepressant, aphrodisiac, antiulcerogenic, antivenom, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, anticancer, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, anticancerous, antidiabetic, antitumor, hemopoetic neuroregenerative, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, radio-sensitizing, rejuvenating, antistress, sedative, hypoglycemic, thyroprotective, adaptogenic, antispasmodic, immunomodulatory, immunostimulant and antiaging properties. The simultaneous quantitative analysis of six major bioactive withanolides in five varieties of WS and in different plant parts (root, stem and leaf) of WS was accomplished. This method is also applicable to control the quality of commercially formulated products which contain WS bioactive compounds. Results indicated the WS variety NMITLI-135 showed the maximum abundance of withanolides at pH 8.5, EC-0.5 dS m 1, ESP-13 in sodic soil. Our results showed this readily available, rapid and reliable method is suitable for the routine analysis and effective quality control of raw materials and finished products. FEATURES Presents a collection of Ayurvedic features and scientific analytical and pharmacological evidence of important medicinal plants of Withania somnifera Useful for natural product researchers, faculty, students and herbal product manufacturers Uses advanced hyphenated techniques for assessing phytoconstituents

The polyurethane industry is among the fastest growing, with polyurethanes used in consumer as well as industrial sectors. Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) exhibit many advantages over conventional volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based polyurethanes and have emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative. WPUs offer an opportunity to use sustainable raw materials to produce environmentally sustainable polymers, particularly, polyols derived from vegetable oils. Eco-Friendly Waterborne Polyurethanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications provides state-of-the-art knowledge of the synthesis, application, and property enhancement of WPUs. Covers various types of eco-friendly materials and technologies used to synthesize WPUs Presents an overview and applications of WPUs in several advanced research areas Provides fundamentals of synthetic processes and their chemistries for specific applications Elaborates on advanced approaches used to convert renewable resources into polymers Offers new direction to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the chemistry, technologies, and applications Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, and other researchers and industry, this book serves as a comprehensive reference for readers interested in the development and application of sustainable polymers.