Recent developments in the ultra-short laser technology and physics, especially at the attosecond time scale, open up new research frontiers for attoscience. This book examines the theoretical model for attophysics. The interaction of the attosecond laser pulses with slices of matter-attosecond tomography enables the description of the motion of electrons in atoms, molecules and 1D medium-graphene. The standard theory of the laser pulse-matter interaction is based on the parabolic Schrodinger equation, which leads to unphysical, infinite velocity of the thermal energy propagation. In this book, the Schrodinger equation is generalised to hyperbolic partial differential equation with finite velocity.

The principle of tomography is to explore the structure and composition of objects non-destructively along spatial and temporal dimensions, using penetrating radiation, such as X- and gamma-rays, or waves, such as electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Based on computer-assisted image reconstruction, tomography provides maps of parameters that characterize the emission of the employed radiation or waves, or their interaction with the examined objects, for one or several cross-sections. Thus, it gives access to the inner structure of inert objects and living organisms in their full complexity. In this book, multidisciplinary specialists explain the foundations and principles of tomographic imaging and describe a broad range of applications. The content is organized in five parts, which are dedicated to image reconstruction, microtomography, industrial tomography, morphological medical tomography and functional medical tomography.

Imagining the Elephant is a biography of Allan MacLeod Cormack, a physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1979 for his pioneering contributions to the development of the computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scanner, an honor he shared with Godfrey Hounsfield. A modest genius who was also a dedicated family man, the book is a celebration of Cormack's life and work. It begins with his ancestral roots in the far north of Scotland, and then chronicles his birth and early years in South Africa, his education at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and Cambridge University, and his subsequent academic appointments at UCT and Tufts University in Boston, USA. It details his discovery of the problem at Cape Town in 1956, traces his scientific footsteps all the way to Stockholm in December 1979, and then extends the odyssey to his pursuits beyond the Nobel Prize.

High-speed anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a non-contact method for high resolution cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye. As the first text completely devoted to this topic, ""Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography"" comprehensively explains both the scientific principles and the clinical applications of this exciting and advancing technology.""Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography"" enhances surgical planning and postoperative care for a variety of anterior segment applications by expertly explaining how abnormalities in the anterior chamber angle, cornea, iris, and lens can be identified and evaluated using the Visante OCT[trademark].Inside ""Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography"", Dr. Roger Steinert and Dr. David Huang, along with 14 of the field's leading professionals, provide a wealth of useful clinical and physiological material about this new diagnostic imaging technique. Valuable images are included to assist in the pre- and postoperative assessment of various anterior segment disorders. Additionally, this unique resource contains detailed information on biometric measurements to enhance diagnostic capability.On the leading edge of anterior segment imaging, this book covers: Mapping of corneal thickness and keratoconus evaluation; Measurement of LASIK flap and stromal bed thickness; Visualization and measurement of anterior chamber angle and diagnosis of narrow angle glaucoma; Measuring the dimensions of the anterior chamber and assessing the fit of intraocular lens implants; Visualizing and measuring the results of corneal implants and lamellar procedures; and Imaging through corneal opacity to see internal eye structures.With the increase in popularity of anterior chamber imaging, and anterior segment OCT proving to be the best tool for high resolution biometry, ""Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography"" is a must-have for anterior segment, refractive, cornea, and glaucoma surgeons.

Groups biological applications by topic-from developmental biology to major organ systems Presents a comprehensive review of the most recent applications of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in biology, medicine, engineering, and applied physics. Summarizes technological advances that led to the availability of viable imaging tools and modern methods of OCT for optical biopsy, surgical guidance, and quality control of advanced composites in situ. The Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography discusses nonbiological methods of OCT such as monitoring advanced composites and optical data storage new imaging concepts for dermatological, pharmacological, cosmetological, and dental applications Contemporary diagnostic procedures for posterior segments of the eye to prevent macular and optic nerve diseases, glaucoma, and retinal detachment With contributions from over 60 international authorities, the Handbook of Optical Coherence Tomography is an essential source for optical, biomedical, and materials engineers; applied physicists; biochemists and biologists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Clinical CT: Techniques and Practice aims to give radiographers working in CT on a regular basis an extended knowledge of CT protocols and how they should be adapted to optimise image quality. It uses relevant clinical examples to demonstrate the advantages of the suggested techniques, which may not yet be in use in all hospitals. It covers all but the most rare of pathologies and will therefore also serve as a useful single reference for the busy radiographer.

This book presents a critical assessment of progress on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of proteins, including brief reviews of the history of the field along with coverage of current clinical and in vivo applications. The book, in honour of Oleg Jardetsky, one of the pioneers of the field, is edited by two of the most highly respected investigators using NMR, and features contributions by most of the leading workers in the field. It will be valued as a landmark publication that presents the state-of-the-art perspectives regarding one of today's most important technologies.

Plant remains can preserve a critical part of history of life on Earth. While telling the fascinating evolutionary story of plants and vegetation across the last 500 million years, this book also crucially offers non-specialists a practical guide to studying, dealing with and interpreting plant fossils. It shows how various techniques can be used to reveal the secrets of plant fossils and how to identify common types, such as compressions and impressions. Incorporating the concepts of evolutionary floras, this second edition includes revised data on all main plant groups, the latest approaches to naming plant fossils using fossil-taxa and techniques such as tomography. With extensive illustrations of plant fossils and living plants, the book encourages readers to think of fossils as once-living organisms. It is written for students on introductory or intermediate courses in palaeobotany, palaeontology, plant evolutionary biology and plant science, and for amateurs interested in studying plant fossils.

Industrial computed tomography for advanced industrial non-destructive evaluation is a complex technological area, encompassing nuclear radiation detectors, mechanical engineering, computational mathematics and radiation physics. Additionally, the cost of applying this technology may be prohibitive. This guidebook provides an introduction to gamma computed tomography for non-destructive evaluation imaging in the simplest configuration. It is intended to be of use to the non-destructive testing community, currently practicing conventional radiography techniques. It provides clear information on the relevant practical issues and problems related to setting up computed tomography for industrial non-destructive testing and establishes a basis for understanding the intricacies of the technology

Cone beam CT imaging is changing the way dentists visualize, diagnose and treat the dental patient by providing highly accurate, multi-planar and 3D imaging. The purpose of this book is to provide CBCT users, irrespective of system, with technical details on image acquisition, provide image protocols and, as well, an evidence-based approach to use of this modality in the context of general and specialty applications. Specific CBCT diagnostic imaging features will be outlined and illustrated with a systems approach for use in interpreting images. Existing and newly developed treatment-guided options afforded by CBCT technology such will be described in detail.