The neuroscientist Alain Berthoz experimented on Russian astronauts
in space to answer these questions: How does weightlessness affect
motion? How are motion and three-dimensional space perceived? In
this erudite and witty book, Berthoz describes how human beings on
earth perceive and control bodily movement. Reviewing a wealth of
research in neurophysiology and experimental psychology, he argues
for a rethinking of the traditional separation between action and
perception, and for the division of perception into five senses.
In Berthoz's view, perception and cognition are inherently
predictive, functioning to allow us to anticipate the consequences
of current or potential actions. The brain acts like a simulator
that is constantly inventing models to project onto the changing
world, models that are corrected by steady, minute feedback from
the world. We move in the direction we are looking, anticipate the
trajectory of a falling ball, recover when we stumble, and
continually update our own physical position, all thanks to this
sense of movement.
This interpretation of perception and action allows Berthoz, in
"The Brain's Sense of Movement," to focus on psychological
phenomena largely ignored in standard texts: proprioception and
kinaesthesis, the mechanisms that maintain balance and coordinate
actions, and basic perceptual and memory processes involved in
navigation.
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