When "Rats, Lice and History" appeared in 1935, Hans Zinsser was
a highly regarded Harvard biologist who had never written about
historical events. Although he had published under a pseudonym,
virtually all of his previous writings had dealt with infections
and immunity and had appeared either in medical and scientific
journals or in book format. Today he is best remembered as the
author of "Rats, Lice, and History," which gone through multiple
editions and remains a masterpiece of science writing for a general
readership.
To Zinsser, scientific research was high adventure and the
investigation of infectious disease, a field of battle. Yet at the
same time he maintained a love of literature and philosophy. His
goal in "Rats, Lice and History" was to bring science, philosophy,
and literature together to establish the importance of disease, and
especially epidemic infectious disease, as a major force in human
affairs. Zinsser cast his work as the "biography" of a disease. In
his view, infectious disease simply represented an attempt of a
living organism to survive. From a human perspective, an invading
pathogen was abnormal; from the perspective of the pathogen it was
perfectly normal.
This book is devoted to a discussion of the biology of typhus
and history of typhus fever in human affairs. Zinsser begins by
pointing out that the louse was the constant companion of human
beings. Under certain conditions-to wash or to change clothing-lice
proliferated. The typhus pathogen was transmitted by rat fleas to
human beings, who then transmitted it to other humans and in some
strains from human to human.
"Rats, Lice and History" is a tour de force. It combines
Zinsser's expertise in biology with his broad knowledge of the
humanities
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