This book explores the influence of literacy on eleventh and
twelfth-century life and though on social organization, on the
criticism of ritual and symbol, on the rise of empirical attitudes,
on the relationship between language and reality, and on the broad
interaction between ideas and society.
Medieval and early modern literacy, Brian Stock argues, did not
simply supersede oral discourse but created a new type of
interdependence between the oral and the written. If, on the
surface, medieval culture was largely oral, texts nonetheless
emerged as a reference system both for everyday activities and for
giving shape to larger vehicles of interpretation. Even when texts
were not actually present, people often acted and behaved as if
they were.
The book uses methods derived from anthropology, from literary
theory, and from historical research, and is divided into five
chapters. The first treats the growth and shape of medieval
literacy itself. Theo other four look afresh at some of the
period's major issues--heresy, reform, the Eucharistic controversy,
the thought of Anselm, Abelard, and St. Bernard, together with the
interpretation of contemporary experience--in the light of
literacy's development. The study concludes that written language
was the chief integrating instrument for diverse cultural
achievements.
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