The national monuments of Wupatki, Walnut Canyon, and Montezuma's
Castle showcase the treasures of the first people who settled and
developed farms, towns, and trade routes throughout northern
Arizona and beyond. The Hopis call these ancient peoples
"Hisat'sinom," and Spanish explorers named their hard, arid
homeland the sierra sin agua, mountains without water. Indeed, much
of the region receives less annual precipitation than the
quintessential desert city of Tucson. In Hisat'sinom: Ancient
Peoples in a Land without Water, archaeologists explain how the
people of this region flourished despite living in a place with
very little water and extremes of heat and cold. Exploiting the
mulching properties of volcanic cinders blasted out of Sunset
Crater, the Hisat'sinom grew corn and cotton, made and traded fine
cotton cloth and decorated ceramics, and imported exotic goods like
turquoise and macaws from hundreds-even thousands-of miles away.
From clues as small as the tiny fingerprints left on children's
toys, post holes in the floors of old houses, and widely scattered
corn fields, archaeologists have pieced together an intriguing
portrait of what childhood was like, the importance of weaving
cotton cloth, and how farmers managed risk in a harsh environment.
At its peak in the late 1100s, Wupatki stood as the region's
largest and tallest town, a cultural center for people throughout
the surrounding region. It was a gathering place, a trading center,
a treasury of exotic goods, a landmark, and a place of sacred
ritual and ceremony. Then, after 1200, people moved away and the
pueblo sank into ruin.
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