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Nationalizing France's Army - Foreign, Black, and Jewish Troops in the French Military, 1715-1831 (Hardcover)
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Nationalizing France's Army - Foreign, Black, and Jewish Troops in the French Military, 1715-1831 (Hardcover)
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Before the French Revolution, tens of thousands of foreigners
served in France's army. They included troops from not only all
parts of Europe but also places as far away as Madagascar, West
Africa, and New York City. Beginning in 1789, the French
revolutionaries, driven by a new political ideology that placed
""the nation"" at the center of sovereignty, began aggressively
purging the army of men they did not consider French, even if those
troops supported the new regime. Such efforts proved much more
difficult than the revolutionaries anticipated, however, owing to
both their need for soldiers as France waged war against much of
the rest of Europe and the difficulty of defining nationality
cleanly at the dawn of the modern era. Napoleon later faced the
same conundrums as he vacillated between policies favoring and
rejecting foreigners from his army. It was not until the Bourbon
Restoration, when the modern French Foreign Legion appeared, that
the French state established an enduring policy on the place of
foreigners within its armed forces. By telling the story of
France's noncitizen soldiers-who included not only men born abroad
but also Jews and blacks whose citizenship rights were subject to
contestation-Christopher Tozzi sheds new light on the roots of
revolutionary France's inability to integrate its national
community despite the inclusionary promise of French republicanism.
Drawing on a range of original, unpublished archival sources, Tozzi
also highlights the linguistic, religious, cultural, and racial
differences that France's experiments with noncitizen soldiers
introduced to eighteenth and nineteenth-century French society.
Winner of the Walker Cowen Memorial Prize for an Outstanding Work
of Scholarship in Eighteenth-Century Studies
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