For more than a century, the National Fish Hatchery System (NFHS)
has played a valuable role in providing cultured fish to benefit
Americans. The Department of the Interior's U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) manages the system, consisting of 66 national fish
hatcheries, seven fish technology centers, and nine fish health
centers. Unfortunately, the NFHS has serious problems that have
developed over several decades. Funding for hatchery operations and
maintenance has declined by about 15 percent since 1992. NFHS
facilities are old and outmoded. As a whole, the system suffers
from a maintenance backlog of approximately $300 million.
Twenty-five percent of hatchery personnel positions are vacant. To
a troubling degree, these problems reflect an erosion of
congressional and public support. In August 1999, the FWS asked the
federally chartered Sport Fishing and Boating Partnership Council
(SFBPC) to undertake that review. Following the FWS request, the
SFBPC convened a special National Fish Hatchery Project Steering
Committee to review the NFHS and develop recommendations regarding
the system's roles, responsibilities and strategic funding
policies. Overall, the steering committee believes the NFHS is
uniquely positioned to influence and benefit state and tribal
fishery programs, fulfill tribal trust responsibilities, and
provide technical assistance to private aquaculture. Although the
intent of the steering committee's report is to provide
recommendations for future management of the NFHS, the steering
committee concluded that without a national vision to define
regional goals and objectives designed to fulfill overall FWS
Fisheries Program strategies, the national hatchery system will
continue to drift and will be in peril. It is essential that the
FWS move aggressively to ensure that the NFHS and the products it
produces fit within a publicly reviewed national strategy developed
with state and tribal partners and stakeholders. The FWS must
commit to implementing the plan it produces, and the FWS, the
administration and Congress must be prepared to fund adequately the
activities outlined by this plan. In addition to its observation
regarding the need for a Fisheries Program national strategy, the
steering committee's review resulted in 20 consensus based
recommendations, presented without priority, in the programmatic
categories of Scientific Excellence and Accountability, Mitigation,
Recreation and Other Cooperative Programs, Threatened and
Endangered Species Recovery, and Native Species Restoration. The
steering committee's recommendations acknowledge the NFHS' vital
roles in meeting federal mitigation obligations, restoring and
maintaining native fisheries, and participating in the recovery of
threatened and endangered aquatic species. The recommendations also
urge the FWS and the NFHS to strengthen cooperative efforts with
states, tribes and partners and improve accountability with
Congress, stakeholders and the general public. A repeated theme in
the report is the requirement to produce and use cultured products
from the NFHS in conformance with the best possible science-based
management principles and practices. The recommendations emphasize
the crucial role fish technology centers, fish health centers and
the national broodstock programs play in ensuring these principles
and practices are followed. The report acknowledges the NFHS' role
in providing fish to mitigate the impact of federal development
activities and asks for legislative clarification of that
responsibility and authority for full cost recovery for
mitigation-related expenses from the parties responsible for
development projects. The report also recommends that Congress
clarify the role the NFHS should play in supporting recreational
fishing objectives beyond the current benefits provided by
mitigation and restoration activities.
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