Although Indias federal polity provides for divided governmental
functions and powers, imbalances have arisen between functional
responsibilities and financial resources of the Central and State
Governments. This is so because revenue-raising capacities of the
States are lower than their revenue needs. The mismatch between
functions and financial powers of the States has occurred partly
because of increasing responsibilities of the States and partly due
to the dominant position of the Central Government in regard to
taxation and debt-raising powers. Therefore, vertical imbalances of
resources and expenditure responsibilities have emerged between the
Central and State Governments, calling for transfer of resources
from the Centre to the States. Financial imbalances at the vertical
level (Centre versus States), and at the horizontal level (among
the States) are sought to be removed/reduced through constitutional
and institutional arrangements. This book provides an in-depth
analysis of the magnitude and manner of fiscal transfers from the
Centre to the States in India including a case study of Uttar
Pradesh -- Indias most populous state.
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