This book will broaden readers' understanding of pegmatites in a
special geodynamic setting, dealing with the emplacement of the
Hagendorf-Pleystein Pegmatite Province (HPPP) in the Central
European Variscides. This treatise illustrates the complex
processes leading to the formation and partial destruction of the
pegmatites, documenting the geochronological, chemical,
mineralogical, geological and geomorphological / sedimentological
data set. The book starts with a detailed account of the economic
geology of the various pegmatites, explaining why these deposits
are a major resource of ceramic raw materials. In its concluding
section, a model of the pegmatite evolution in an ensialic orogen
provides meaningful insights into the genetic aspects of pegmatite
generation. The Late Paleozoic rare-element pegmatites of the HPPP,
Oberpfalz-SE, Germany, rank among the largest concentrations in
Europe. The biggest pegmatite of this mining district totals 4.4
million tons of ore (Hagendorf-South). The mining history of the
HPPP is restricted to the 20th century, when local entrepreneurs
started mining operations in search of ceramic raw materials,
feldspar and quartz. Today the "Silbergrube Aplite" is still worked
for feldspar. The traditional mining of pegmatitic and aplitic
rocks in Central Europe, such as the Bohemian Massif, which is
shared by Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland and Austria, has been
focused on these industrial minerals. In addition to these major
commodities, lithium was mined for a period of time. But even today
many of these pegmatites of calc-alkaline affiliation have not lost
their appeal to mineralogists and mineral enthusiasts for their
wealth of minerals that contain P, Nb, Ta, Li, Be, B, U, Th, Sc, Ti
and Sn. The most favorable crustal section to bring about
pegmatitic rocks of this type, encompassing pegmatoids,
metapegmatites, reactivated pseudopegmatites and pegmatites sensu
stricto is the ensialic orogen, exemplified by the Variscan
(Hercynian) Orogen, which geodynamically connects the Paleozoic
pegmatite provinces in North America and Europe. The geological
history of the HPPP, however, goes much further than the
Carboniferous-Permian magmatic activity, when the last structural
disturbances of the Variscan orogeny affected the NE-Bavarian
Basement between 450 and 330 Ma. During this time mafic magmatic
rocks together with calcareous and arenaceous sediments were
converted into paragneisses, calcsilicate rocks, and amphibolites.
It is the period of time when tectonic shortening led to over
thrusting and when the emplacement of nappes and the architectural
elements of the ensialic orogen began taking shape. During the Late
Permian, the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic, the HPPP did not lie idle
in geological terms; hypogene and supergene alteration continued
and found its most recent expression in alluvial-fluvial "nigrine"
placer deposits, which resulted from the unroofing of the
pegmatites and aplites in the HPPP and can be used even outside
HPPP as an ore guide to pegmatites.
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