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The British Gentry, the Southern Planter, and the Northern Family Farmer - Agriculture and Sectional Antagonism in North America (Hardcover)
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The British Gentry, the Southern Planter, and the Northern Family Farmer - Agriculture and Sectional Antagonism in North America (Hardcover)
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Drawing on the history of the British gentry to explain the
contrasting sentiments of American small farmers and plantation
owners, James L. Huston's expansive analysis offers a new
understanding of the socioeconomic factors that fueled sectionalism
and ignited the American Civil War. This groundbreaking study of
agriculture's role in the war defies long-held notions that
northern industrialization and urbanization led to clashes between
North and South. Rather, Huston argues that the ideological chasm
between plantation owners in the South and family farmers in the
North led to the political eruption of 1854-56 and the birth of a
sectionalized party system. Huston shows that over 70 percent of
the northern population-by far the dominant economic and social
element-had close ties to agriculture. More invested in
egalitarianism and personal competency than in capitalism, small
farmers in the North operated under a free labor ideology that
emphasized the ideals of independence and mastery over oneself. The
ideology of the plantation, by contrast, reflected the conservative
ethos of the British aristocracy, which was the product of immense
landed inequality and the assertion of mastery over others. By
examining the dominant populations in northern and southern
congressional districts, Huston reveals that economic interests
pitted the plantation South against the small-farm North. The
northern shift toward Republicanism depended on farmers, not
industrialists: While Democrats won the majority of northern farm
congressional districts from 1842 to 1853, they suffered a major
defection of these districts from 1854 to 1856, to the antislavery
organizations that would soon coalesce into the Republican Party.
Utilizing extensive historical research and close examination of
the voting patterns in congressional districts across the country,
James Huston provides a remarkable new context for the origins of
the Civil War.
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