Hans Holbein the Younger is best known for his work in Henry
VIII's England, where he painted portraits and designed decorative
objects for courtly circles. England, however, only accounts for
half of Holbein's working life. He developed his artistic identity
on the Continent, creating a diverse range of artworks for urban
elites, scholars, and publishers. Translating Nature into Art
argues that by the time Holbein reached England, he had developed
two roughly alternative styles of representation: a highly
descriptive and objective mode, which he used for most of his
portraiture, and a much more stylized and inventive manner, which
he applied primarily to religious, historical, and decorative
subjects. Jeanne Nuechterlein contends that when Holbein used his
stylized manner, he acknowledged that he was the inventor of the
image; when Holbein painted a portrait or a religious work in the
objective manner, he implied instead that he was observing
something in front of him and reproducing what he saw. By
establishing this dialectic, Holbein was actively engaging in one
of the central debates of the Reformation era concerning the nature
and validity of the visible world. Holbein explored how much art
should look like the visible world, and in the process discovered
alternative ways of making representation meaningful.
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