How did use of medical technology such as urinalyses, blood
tests, and x-ray machines change patient care in
early-twentieth-century American hospitals? To what extent was the
use of new machines influenced by the ideas of scientific medicine
and to what extent by the availability of newly structured
facilities and trained personnel? Drawing on the medical treatment
of more than 2,000 patients in Pennsylvania and New York hospitals,
Howell traces the ways in which medical technology was used, not
merely how it was talked about. He utilizes a wide range of
sources--including medical texts, popular literature, and the
visual arts--to explore how technology came to be such a central
feature of medical care.
Howell also shows how changes in medical practice raised issues
of gender, culture, and economics. Howell's analysis is especially
timely in light of the ongoing debate over U.S. health care reform,
a debate in which a central topic is the use and expense of medical
technology. In a concluding chapter he applies the book's
historical insights to medical practice today--asking why, for
example, modern diagnostic tests have not been used to give doctors
more time to spend with patients.
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