The city of Erbil, which now claims to be one of the oldest
continually inhabited cities in the world, lies on the rich
alluvial plains at the foot of the piedmont of the Zagros mountains
in a strategic position which made it a natural gateway between
Iran and Mesopotamia. Within the context of ancient Mesopotamian
civilisation there can be no doubt that it will have been one of
the most important urban centres but archaeological research of the
remains has been limited. Three recent archaeological assessments
of the mound have sought to evaluate the significance of the
remains within their historical context. This work is dedicated to
the cuneiform sources of information. There are a number of
references to Erbil in Eblaite and Sumerian administrative texts of
Akkadian (2334 - 2193 BC) and Ur III (2120 - 2004 BC) date and
hundreds of references in Akkadian texts from the 2nd and 1st
millennia; only two of which may actually come from Erbil. There
are a handful of references in unpublished Elamite texts from
Persepolis. In Old Persian the city only appears in the
corresponding version of the inscription at Behistun belonging to
the Achaemenid period (539-330 BC). There are no references in
Hittite, Hurrian, Urartian or Ugaritic sources. The sources include
a wide variety of administrative texts, royal and other
inscriptions, letters, votives and lexical texts.
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