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"God Wants it!" - The Ideology of Martyrdom of the Hebrew Crusade Chronicles and its Jewish and Christian Background (Hebrew, Hardcover)
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"God Wants it!" - The Ideology of Martyrdom of the Hebrew Crusade Chronicles and its Jewish and Christian Background (Hebrew, Hardcover)
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During the first months of the First Crusade, groups of crusaders
attacked the Jewish communities in the Rhineland, forcing them to
choose between death and conversion. Many converted, but many
others choose to die as martyrs. Among these, some were killed by
the crusaders, some killed themselves, each other or even their own
children in order to prevent forcible conversion. These events are
described in a number of Latin accounts, but also in three Hebrew
Chronicles, and in a number of Hebrew liturgical poems. These
Hebrew Chronicles introduce many new ideas connected to martyrdom
which are not found in earlier Jewish martyr texts. They also
differ considerably from contemporary texts on martyrdom, written
by Jews living under Muslim rule. The purpose of the present study
is as follows: (i) to outline the most salient features of this new
ideology of martyrdom found in the Hebrew Crusade Chronicles and
how it differs from earlier Jewish tradition; (ii) to try to trace
the roots of these new ideas, both by showing how the Chroniclers
develop earlier Jewish ideas and also how they borrow notions and
concepts from their Christian surroundings; (iii) to show what
rhetorical means the Chroniclers use in order to present these
innovations as firmly anchored in tradition; (iv) to attempt to
explain why this ideology develops at this particular time and
place, and thereby contribute some further methodological
reflections on the study of religious change, especially in a
situation of persecution and oppression; (v) to challenge the old
paradigm that the Ashkenazic Jewish communities lived in isolation
from their non-Jewish surroundings, and to suggest that a serious
study of any medievalJewish text must take into consideration the
culture and current notions of the non-Jewish community in which
the text was composed.
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