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The Forgotten Revolution - How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn (Hardcover, 2004 ed.)
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The Forgotten Revolution - How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why it Had to Be Reborn (Hardcover, 2004 ed.)
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The period from the late fourth to the late second century B. C.
witnessed, in Greek-speaking countries, an explosion of objective
knowledge about the external world. WhileGreek culture had reached
great heights in art, literature and philosophyalreadyin the
earlier classical era, it is in the so-called Hellenistic period
that we see for the ?rst time - anywhere in the world - the
appearance of science as we understand it now: not an accumulation
of facts or philosophically based speculations, but an or- nized
effort to model nature and apply such models, or scienti?ctheories
in a sense we will make precise, to the solution of practical
problems and to a growing understanding of nature. We owe this new
approach to scientists such as Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes and
many others less familiar todaybut no less remarkable. Yet, not
long after this golden period, much of this extraordinary dev-
opment had been reversed. Rome borrowed what it was capable of from
the Greeks and kept it for a little while yet, but created very
little science of its own. Europe was soon smothered in
theobscurantism and stasis that blocked most avenues of
intellectual development for a thousand years - until, as is well
known, the rediscovery of ancient culture in its fullness paved the
way to the modern age.
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