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Ethics: The Good and the Right (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989)
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Ethics: The Good and the Right (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1989)
Series: Treatise on Basic Philosophy, 8
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The purpose of this Introduction is to sketch our approach to the
study of value, morality and action, and to show the place we
assign it in the systemof human knowledge. 1. VALUE, MORALITY AND
ACTION: FACT, THEORY, AND METATHEORY We take it that all animals
evaluate some things and some processes, and that some of them
learn the social behavior patterns we call 'moral principles', and
even act according to them at least some of the time. An animal
incapable of evaluating anything would be very short-lived; and a
social animal that did not observe the accepted social behavior
patterns would be punished. These are facts about values, morals
and behavior patterns: they are incorporated into the bodies of
animals or the structure ofsocialgroups. We distinguish theq the
facts of valuation, morality and action from the study of such
facts.This study can be scientific, philosophic or both. A
zoologist may investigate the wayan animal evaluates environmental
or internal stimuli; a social psychologist may examine the way
children learn, or fail to learn, certain values and norms when
placed in certain environments. And a philosopher may study such
descriptive or explan atory studies, with a view to evaluating
valuations, moral norms, or behavior patterns; he may analyze the
very concepts of value, morals and action, as well as their
cognates; or he may criticize or reconstruct value beliefs, moral
norms and action plans."
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