Bullying and harassment of peers are the first possible forms and
signs of criminal behavior in the future. That's why this book is
starting from the bases, because the fight against adolescent crime
should be addressed to prevention already in the earliest and
"harmless" phase. Bullying behavior continues to be a salient
social and health-related issue of importance to educators,
criminal justice practitioners, and academicians across the
country. First Chapter describes a study which examines school
safety measures and students' perceptions about school
environments, especially school rules and punishment. Found
variables were statistically significant predictors of bullying
victimization. Implications of these findings for school
anti-bullying programs as well as directions for future research
are discussed. The second chapter deals with the relationship
between parental absence and juvenile delinquency to determine if a
link exists between the two variables. The overall model was found
to be statistically significant. Chapter 3 deepens this topic and
looks into differences between bullies, victims, and bully victims
in terms of the quality of their relationship with their parents
and school performance. In Chapter 4, they tried to investigate
whether the quality of attachment with parents and peers predicts
bullying and victimization. Secondly, they also attempted a
moderation analysis in order to examine whether the relationship
between quality of attachments and bullying is moderated by the
child's gender. Finally, they explored whether there are
significant differences in the quality of attachment between
children identified as bullies, victims, bully/victims, and
uninvolved. Although the link between routine activities and
victimization has been tested and well established, criminologists
have questioned if routine activities can explain adolescent
violence across different social contexts in Chapter 5. Chapter 6.
takes a step back being oriented to pre-school kids. With Chapter 7
we go to serious juvenile offenders. Factors that precipitate gang
membership has contributed substantially to our understanding of
gangs and gang-related activity, yet we know little about the
factors influencing intentions to rejoin a gang after having being
incarcerated. The study in Chapter 8. explores how perceptions of
teacher and student intervention as well as perceptions of school
safety and connectedness influence students' likelihood of
responding aggressively (i.e., retaliating) or seeking support from
an adult. Chapter 9 examined peer victimization and bullying
preventions in schools. It tries to determine whether previous
models of preventive strategies in a single school or district
could be expanded to the nationally representative sample of
adolescents across multiple schools. In Chapter 10 we explore
bullying in rural areas, as a topic which was not studied enough.
Chapter 11 focuses on the anomalies and contradictions surrounding
the notion of `international juvenile justice', whether in its
pessimistic (neoliberal penalty and penal severity) or optimistic
(universal children's rights and rights compliance) incarnations.
Chapter 12 takes compulsory hospitalization by evidencing its use
as a control and punishment mechanism that increases the social
vulnerability of young drug users. It analyzes lawsuits involving
juveniles who were consigned to psychiatric institutions for drug
addiction treatment as a protection measure in the state of Rio
Grande do Sul, in Brazil. Gender differences in an Australian youth
offender population is analyzed in Chapter 13. While Chapter 14
looks at young age, poverty, guns and homicide correlation.
Following section aims to test the relationship between structural
characteristics of schools and child antisocial behavior, using a
sample of elementary school children (N = 779, aged 10-12 years in
the urban context of Ghent, Belgium). Finally the characteristics
of juvenile offenders who stop committing crimes are in focus in
Chapter 16. Criminality among Victorian boys and girls in the 19th
century is our travel through time in Chapter 17. Do we have the
right idea? Chapter 18 states that investing in successful
delinquency-prevention programs can save taxpayers seven to ten
dollars for every dollar invested, primarily in the form of reduced
spending on prisons. This is something that the whole world needs
to take in consideration! Chapter 19 looks at the prevalence of
psychiatric disorders in a sample of delinquent adolescents of both
genders and compares the prevalence between genders. Can lower
cognitive ability be related to increased risk for violent and
other antisocial behavior? This study linked longitudinal Swedish
total population registers to study the association of general
cognitive ability (intelligence) at age 18 (the Conscript Register,
1980-1993) with the incidence proportion of violent criminal
convictions (the Crime Register, 1973-2009), among all men born in
Sweden 1961-1975 (N?=?700,514).
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