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Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon - From Theistic Science to Naturalistic Science (Hardcover)
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Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon - From Theistic Science to Naturalistic Science (Hardcover)
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During the Victorian period, the practice of science shifted from a
religious context to a naturalistic one. It is generally assumed
that this shift occurred because naturalistic science was distinct
from and superior to theistic science. As Huxley's Church and
Maxwell's Demon reveals, however, most of the methodological values
underlying scientific practice were virtually identical for the
theists and the naturalists: each agreed on the importance of the
uniformity of natural laws, the use of hypothesis and theory, the
moral value of science, and intellectual freedom. But if scientific
naturalism did not rise to dominance because of its methodological
superiority, then how did it triumph? Matthew Stanley explores the
overlap and shift between theistic and naturalistic science through
a parallel study of two major scientific figures: James Clerk
Maxwell, a devout Christian physicist, and Thomas Henry Huxley, the
iconoclast biologist who coined the word agnostic. Both were deeply
engaged in the methodological, institutional, and political issues
that were crucial to the theistic-naturalistic transformation. What
Stanley's analysis of these figures reveals is that the scientific
naturalists executed a number of strategies over a generation to
gain control of the institutions of scientific education and to
reimagine the history of their discipline. Rather than a sudden
revolution, the similarity between theistic and naturalistic
science allowed for a relatively smooth transition in practice from
the old guard to the new.
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