The archaeological site of Tell Nebi Mend, a tell on the Homs plain
in present-day Syria, is universally recognised as the location,
first, of Qadesh (or Kadesh), where, in c. 1286 BC, the armies of
Ramesses II of Egypt and Muwatalli II of Great Hatti fought the
most famous battle of pre-classical antiquity, and, second, of
Laodicea ad Libanum, founded most probably in the 3rd century BC as
the capital of a district of the Seleucid empire. Collaborative
excavations undertaken over 12 seasons aimed to fill a major gap in
archaeological knowledge between the northern and southern Levant
and to develop an understanding of the archaeology and early
history of the Levantine Corridor independent of, and
supplementing, that based on Palestinian and Biblical research. The
primary aim was to obtain as complete a sequence as possible of
cultural and environmental data, sampling all periods of the site's
occupation, which included Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and
Hellenistic/Roman deposits, enclosures and defenses spanning the
7th millennium BC to the mid-1st millennium AD. A definitive
classification of all types of Syrian pottery over two millennia
was established, together with a much longer sequence of pottery,
stone, metal and bone implements, terracottas and other cultural
remains, accompanied by a wealth of environmental data and a series
of radiometric dates. The earliest settlement so far discovered at
Tell Nebi Mend dates to the first half of the 7th millennium BC and
is the subject of this volume. Five phases of occupation were
recognised with architectural features including, at different
times, house structures and remains of larger, probably communal,
buildings, along with remains of plaster, floor surfaces, fire and
rubbish pits and burials, followed by large-scale abandonment. More
than 2000 sherds of Neolithic pottery and 1400 flint and obsidian
artefacts were recovered.
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