From reviews of the hardcover edition "Ingalls's hard-hitting
indictment is an important addition to the literature on the role
of elites in the 'New South' and the extremes to which they would
resort to maintain their hegemony."--John Dittmer, Journal of
Southern History "Ingalls's exhaustive examination of early
twentieth-century strikes, of the membership and tactics of the
citizens' committees, of the antisocialist terrorism of the 1930s,
and of neglected topics such as the lectors in the cigar factories
is both original and useful. . . . [H]is portrait of terrorism in
Tampa is chilling."--George C. Rable, Journal of American History
"[A] meticulously researched, . . . unfailingly intelligent and
insightful account of 'establishment violence'." --Neil R.
McMillen, Southern Quarterly Like bookends, lynchings bracket this
examination of collective violence in Tampa: an 1880s lynching of
an English immigrant and two 1930s killings--the vigilante murder
of a black prisoner and the flogging death of a white radical.
Events in between leave little doubt that the city deserved its
1930s ranking by the American Civil Liberties Union as one of nine
centers of repression and its reputation for "anti-labor,
anti-Negro, anti-alien, anti-Communist, anti-Socialist,
anti-liberal violence." Named an Outstanding Book on the subject of
intolerance in the United States by the Gustavus Myers Center for
the Study of Human Rights in the United States, Ingalls's work
centers on anti-union vigilantism directed by the city's
elite--most often by a succession of citizens' committees--against
the cigar makers of Tampa's Ybor City community, skilled workers
who were largely Latin, foreignborn, class-conscious, and militant.
The author concludes that an alliance between the city's
southern-born elite and its wealthy immigrant cigar manufacturers
orchestrated the violence, which addressed questions of class more
often than questions of race or even ethnicity. Of the six men
lynched in Tampa between the 1880s and 1930s, two were black men
accused of attacking white women; the other four were whites, three
of whom had actively worked to promote the interest of cigar
workers or who had Socialist leanings. Based on thorough research
in newspapers and manuscript collections, Ingalls's provocative
analysis is the first community study of vigilantism to trace this
phenomenon through several generations. Although the author notes
much that was unique to Tampa, he describes the city's "tar and
terror" tradition--community-sanctioned lynching, kidnapping,
flogging, tarring and feathering, and forced deportation--as a
product of southern culture and politics. If Tampa was not typical,
he argues, it was to some degree archetypal. Robert P. Ingalls,
professor of history at the University of South Florida, is the
managing editor of Tampa Bay History. He has written extensively on
southern history and is the author of several biographies,
including Point of Order: A Profile of Senator Joe McCarthy.
General
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