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The CIA and Third Force Movements in China during the Early Cold War - The Great American Dream (Hardcover)
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The CIA and Third Force Movements in China during the Early Cold War - The Great American Dream (Hardcover)
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Total price: R2,829
Discovery Miles: 28 290
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When the Chinese Communists defeated the Chinese Nationalists and
occupied the mainland in 1949-1950, U.S. policymakers were
confronted with a dilemma. Disgusted by the corruption and, more
importantly, failure of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist armies and
party and repelled by the Communists' revolutionary actions and
violent class warfare, in the early 1950s the U.S. government
placed its hopes in a Chinese "third force." While the U.S. State
Department reported on third forces, the CIA launched a two-prong
effort to actively support these groups with money, advisors, and
arms. In Japan, Okinawa, and Saipan, the agency trained third force
troops at CIA bases. The Chinese commander of these soldiers was
former high-ranking Nationalist General Cai Wenzhi. He and his
colleagues organized a political group, the Free China Movement.
His troops received parachute training as well as other types of
combat and intelligence instruction at agency bases. Subsequently,
several missions were dispatched to Manchuria-the Korean War was
raging then-and South China. All were failures and the Chinese
third force agents were killed or imprisoned. With the end of the
Korean War, the Americans terminated this armed third force
movement, with the Nationalists on Taiwan taking in some of its
soldiers while others moved to Hong Kong. The Americans flew Cai to
Washington, where he took a job with the Department of Defense. The
second prong of the CIA's effort was in Hong Kong. The agency
financially supported and advised the creation of a third force
organization called the Fighting League for Chinese Freedom and
Democracy. It also funded several third force periodicals. Created
in 1951 and 1952, in 1953 and 1954 the CIA ended its financial
support. As a consequence of this as well as factionalism within
the group, in 1954 the League collapsed and its leaders scattered
to the four winds. At the end, even the term "third force" was
discredited and replaced by "new force." Finally, in the early
1950s, the CIA backed as a third force candidate a Vietnamese
general. With his assassination in May 1955, however, that effort
also came to naught.
General
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