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Holy Legionary Youth - Fascist Activism in Interwar Romania (Hardcover)
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Holy Legionary Youth - Fascist Activism in Interwar Romania (Hardcover)
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Founded in 1927, Romania's Legion of the Archangel Michael was one
of Europe's largest and longest-lived fascist social movements. In
Holy Legionary Youth, Roland Clark draws on oral histories,
memoirs, and substantial research in the archives of the Romanian
secret police to provide the most comprehensive account of the
Legion in English to date. Clark approaches Romanian fascism by
asking what membership in the Legion meant to young Romanian men
and women. Viewing fascism "from below," as a social category that
had practical consequences for those who embraced it, he shows how
the personal significance of fascism emerged out of Legionaries'
interactions with each other, the state, other political parties,
families and friends, and fascist groups abroad. Official
repression, fascist spectacle, and the frequency and nature of
legionary activities changed a person's everyday activities and
relationships in profound ways. Clark's sweeping history traces
fascist organizing in interwar Romania to nineteenth-century
grassroots nationalist movements that demanded political
independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also shows how
closely the movement was associated with the Romanian Orthodox
Church and how the uniforms, marches, and rituals were inspired by
the muscular, martial aesthetic of fascism elsewhere in Europe.
Although antisemitism was a key feature of official fascist
ideology, state violence against Legionaries rather than the
extensive fascist violence against Jews had a far greater impact on
how Romanians viewed the movement and their role in it. Approaching
fascism in interwar Romania as an everyday practice, Holy Legionary
Youth offers a new perspective on European fascism, highlighting
how ordinary people "performed" fascism by working together to
promote a unique and totalizing social identity.
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