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Jane Crow - The Life of Pauli Murray (Hardcover)
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Jane Crow - The Life of Pauli Murray (Hardcover)
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Pauli Murray (1910-1985) played pivotal roles in both the modern
civil rights and women's movements. In the 1950s, her legal
scholarship helped Thurgood Marshall to shift his course and attack
segregation frontally in Brown v. Board of Education. In the 1960s,
Murray persuaded Betty Friedan to help her found an NAACP for
women, which Friedan named NOW. In the early 1970s, Murray provided
Ruth Bader Ginsburg with the argument Ginsburg used to persuade the
Supreme Court that the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
protects not only blacks but also women - and potentially other
minority groups - from discrimination. A mixed-race orphan, Murray
grew up in the segregated schools of North Craolina, before
escaping to New York, where she attended Hunter College and became
a labor activist in the 1930s. Applying to graduate school at the
University of North Carolina, where her white
great-great-grandfather had been a trustee, she was rejected on
account of her race. Deciding to become a lawyer, she graduated
first in her class at Howard Law School, only to be rejected for
graduate study at Harvard University on account of her sex.
Undaunted, Murray forged a singular career in the law, directly
impacting one of the landmark Supreme Court cases. Appointed by
Eleanor Rossevelt to the President's Commission on the Status of
Women in 1962, she advanced the idea of Jane Crow, arguing that the
same reasons used to attack race discrimination could be used to
battle gender discrimination. In 1965, she becanme the first black
person to earn a JSD from Yale Law School and the follow year
persuaded Betty Friedan to found what became the nation's most
famous feminist organization. Most importantly, her concept of Jane
Crow propelled Ginsberg to her first Supreme Court victory for
women's rights. By that time, Murray was a tenured history
professor at Brandeis, a position she left to become the first
woman ordained a priest by the Episcopal Church in 1976. Murray
accomplished all of this as someone who would today be identified
as transgender but who, at a time when no social movement existed
to support this identity, focused her attention on systematic
attacks on arbitrary distinctions of all sorts, transforming the
idea of what equality means.
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