Aristotle's highly influential work on the soul, entitled De
anima, formed part of the core curriculum of medieval universities
and was discussed intensively. It covers a range of topics in
philosophical psychology, such as the relationship between mind and
body and the nature of abstract thought. However, there is a key
difference in scope between the so-called "science of the soul,"
based on Aristotle, and modern philosophical psychology.
This book starts from a basic premise accepted by all medieval
commentators, namely that the science of the soul studies not just
human beings but all living beings. As such, its methodology and
approach must also apply to plants and animals. The Science of the
Soul discusses how philosophers from Thomas Aquinas to Pierre d
Ailly dealt with the difficult task of giving a unified account of
life and traces the various stages in the transformation of the
science of the soul between 1260 and 1360. The emerging picture is
that of a gradual disruption of the unified approach to the soul,
which will ultimately lead to the emergence of psychology as a
separate discipline."
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