Mass mobilization is among the most dramatic and inspiring
forces for political change. When ordinary citizens take to the
streets in large numbers, they can undermine and even topple
undemocratic governments, as the recent wave of peaceful uprisings
in several postcommunist states has shown. However, investigation
into how protests are organized can sometimes reveal that the
origins and purpose of "people power" are not as they appear on the
surface. In particular, protest can be used as an instrument of
elite actors to advance their own interests rather than those of
the masses.
Weapons of the Wealthy focuses on the region of post-Soviet
Central Asia to investigate the causes of elite-led protest. In
nondemocratic states, economic and political opportunities can give
rise to elites who are independent of the regime, yet vulnerable to
expropriation and harassment from above. In conditions of political
uncertainty, elites have an incentive to cultivate support in local
communities, which elites can then wield as a "weapon" against a
predatory regime. Scott Radnitz builds on his in-depth fieldwork
and analysis of the spatial distribution of protests to demonstrate
how Kyrgyzstan's post-independence development laid the groundwork
for elite-led mobilization, whereas Uzbekistan's did not.
Elites often have the wherewithal and the motivation to trigger
protests, as is borne out by Radnitz's more than one hundred
interviews with those who participated in, observed, or avoided
protests. Even Kyrgyzstan's 2005 "Tulip Revolution," which brought
about the first peaceful change of power in Central Asia since
independence, should be understood as a strategic action of elites
rather than as an expression of the popular will. This
interpretation helps account for the undemocratic nature of the
successor government and the 2010 uprising that toppled it. It also
serves as a warning for scholars to look critically at bottom-up
political change.
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