Segmentation and landmarking of computed tomographic (CT) images of
pediatric patients are important and useful in computer-aided
diagnosis (CAD), treatment planning, and objective analysis of
normal as well as pathological regions. Identification and
segmentation of organs and tissues in the presence of tumors are
difficult. Automatic segmentation of the primary tumor mass in
neuroblastoma could facilitate reproducible and objective analysis
of the tumor's tissue composition, shape, and size. However, due to
the heterogeneous tissue composition of the neuroblastic tumor,
ranging from low-attenuation necrosis to high-attenuation
calcification, segmentation of the tumor mass is a challenging
problem. In this context, methods are described in this book for
identification and segmentation of several abdominal and thoracic
landmarks to assist in the segmentation of neuroblastic tumors in
pediatric CT images. Methods to identify and segment automatically
the peripheral artifacts and tissues, the rib structure, the
vertebral column, the spinal canal, the diaphragm, and the pelvic
surface are described. Techniques are also presented to evaluate
quantitatively the results of segmentation of the vertebral column,
the spinal canal, the diaphragm, and the pelvic girdle by comparing
with the results of independent manual segmentation performed by a
radiologist. The use of the landmarks and removal of several
tissues and organs are shown to assist in limiting the scope of the
tumor segmentation process to the abdomen, to lead to the reduction
of the false-positive error, and to improve the result of
segmentation of neuroblastic tumors.
Table of Contents: Introduction to Medical Image Analysis /
Image Segmentation / Experimental Design and Database / Ribs,
Vertebral Column, and Spinal Canal / Delineation of the Diaphragm /
Delineation of the Pelvic Girdle / Application of Landmarking /
Concluding Remarks
General
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