Across the world, many politicians deliver benefits to citizens in
direct exchange for their votes. Scholars often predict the demise
of this phenomenon, as it is threatened by economic development,
ballot secrecy and other daunting challenges. To explain its
resilience, this book shifts attention to the demand side of
exchanges. Nichter contends that citizens play a crucial but
underappreciated role in the survival of relational clientelism -
ongoing exchange relationships that extend beyond election
campaigns. Citizens often undertake key actions, including declared
support and requesting benefits, to sustain these relationships. As
most of the world's population remains vulnerable to adverse
shocks, citizens often depend on such relationships when the state
fails to provide an adequate social safety net. Nichter
demonstrates the critical role of citizens with fieldwork and
original surveys in Brazil, as well as with comparative evidence
from Argentina, Mexico and other continents.
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