Geophysical measurements, such as the lateral variations in seismic
wave velocities that are imaged by seismic tomography, provide the
strongest constraints on the structure of the Earth's deep
interior. In order to interpret such measurements in terms of
mineralogical/compositional models of the Earth's interior, data on
the physical and chemical properties of minerals at high pressures
and temperatures are essential. Knowledge of thermodynamics, phase
equilibria, crystal chemistry, crystallography, rheology, diffusion
and heat transport are required to characterize the structure and
dynamics of the Earth's deep interior as well as the processes by
which the Earth originally differentiated.
Many experimental studies have been made possible only by a range
of technical developments in the quest to achieve high pressures
and temperatures in the laboratory. At the same time, analytical
methods, including X-ray diffraction, a variety of spectroscopic
techniques, electron microscopy, ultrasonic interferometry, and
methods for rheological investigations have been developed and
greatly improved. In recent years, major progress has been made
also in the field of computational mineralogy whereby "ab initio"
simulations are used to investigate the structural and dynamical
properties of condensed matter at an atomistic level.
This volume contains a broad range of contributions that typify and
summarize recent progress in the areas of high-pressure mineral
physics as well as associated technical developments.
General
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