'And now what will become of us without barbarians? Those people
were a sort of solution.' 'Waiting for the Barbarians' C. P. Cavafy
History is written by the victors, and Rome had some very eloquent
historians. Those the Romans regarded as barbarians left few
records of their own, but they had a tremendous impact on the Roman
imagination. Resisting from outside Rome's borders or rebelling
from within, they emerge vividly in Rome's historical tradition,
and left a significant footprint in archaeology. Rome's history, as
written by the Romans, follows a remarkable trajectory from its
origins as a tiny village of refugees from a conflict zone to a
dominant superpower, before being transformed into the medieval and
Byzantine worlds. But throughout this history, Rome faced
significant resistance and rebellion from peoples whom it regarded
as barbarians. Gibbon saw the Roman Empire as one of the highest
points of human achievement destroyed by barbarian invaders:
Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Goths, Vandals, Huns, Picts and Scots. To
others, as Rome was ravaged, new life was infused into an expiring
Italy. Gibbon's 'decline and fall' has been reappraised as
transformation, through religious and cultural revolution. Based
both on ancient historical writings and modern archaeological
research, this new history takes a fresh look at the Roman Empire,
through the personalities and lives of key opponents of Rome's
rise, dominance and fall - or transformation. These include:
Brennus, the Gaul who sacked Rome; the Plebs, those barbarous
insiders and internal resistors; Hannibal; Viriathus, the Iberian
shepherd and skilled guerilla; Jugurtha and the struggle to free
Africa; the Germanic threat from the Cimbri and the Teutones;
Spartacus, the gladiator; Vercingetorix and rebellion in Gaul;
Cleopatra; Boudicca, the Queen of the Iceni and the scourge of
Rome; the Great Jewish Revolt; Alaric the Goth and the Sack of
Rome; Attila the Hun, 'Born to Shake the Nations'; and the Vandals
and the fall of Rome.
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