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Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology - Applications in Precision Medicine (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2019)
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Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology - Applications in Precision Medicine (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2019)
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"Precision/personalized or stratified medicine" refers to the
tailoring of medical treatment or drug administration to the
individual characteristics of each patient treatment. It does not
literally mean that a pharmaceutical company makes a drug for an
individual patient for consumption and treatment but rather means
the ability to stratify (or classify) individuals into
sub-populations that differ in their responsiveness to a specific
drug. A marker that provides information on the likely response to
therapy, i.e., either in terms of tumor shrinkage or survival of
the patient is termed "predictive biomarker". Despite their promise
in precision medicine and the explosion of knowledge in this area,
there is not a single source on this subject that puts all this
evidence together in a concise or richly illustrated and easy to
understand manner. This book provides a collection of ingeniously
organized, well-illustrated and up-to-date authoritative chapters
divided into five sections that are clear and easy to understand.
Section one provides an overview of biomarkers, introduces the
basic terminologies, definitions, technologies, tools and concepts
associated with this subject in the form of illustrations/graphics,
photographs and concise texts. Several recent biomarker endeavors
that have been initiated and funded by the National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, FDA and other
International organizations are presented. Section two involves the
signaling pathways controlling cell growth and differentiation
altered in cancer. This section analyzes how predictive biomarkers
are altered (expressed or amplified) across cancer types. Section
three explores how predictive biomarkers play a role in patient
stratification and tailored treatment in relationship to specific
cancers. In addition, it includes discussion on the various
precision medicine initiatives that are going on across the globe
(e.g. TARGET, NCI-MATCH, BATTLE, SHIVA, etc.). Section four
discusses: (a) how pharmaceutical companies validate predictive
biomarker assays and accompanying companion diagnostics either
internally or externally with partner companies such as central
laboratories or clinical research organizations, and (b) how
predictive biomarker tests fall under the oversight of US FDA,
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and state laws.
Section five wraps up novel agents and targets that are being used
as targets for cancer therapeutics. The biomarkers associated with
these protocols will also be presented. Throughout the book,
sidebars, special interest boxes and illustrations are used to
explain terms that are either newly introduced, uncommon, or
specialized. Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology will serve as a
definitive guide for practicing pathologists, oncologists, basic
researchers, and personnel in the pharmaceutical or diagnostic
industry interested in learning how "predictive biomarkers" are
used in precision cancer therapy.
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