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Biological Effects by Organotins (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
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Biological Effects by Organotins (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
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This book provides an overview of the induction mechanism of
imposex caused by organotin compounds in gastropods, as well as
fundamental information on the physiology and biochemistry of
reproduction in mollusks. Are the sex hormones of gastropod
mollusks vertebrate-type steroids, or neuropeptides? What about
lipid disturbance and membrane toxicity due to organotin compounds?
The book also discusses the latest findings on the role of nuclear
receptors, such as retinoid X receptor (RXR), retinoic acid
receptor (RAR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
(PPAR), in the development of imposex in gastropods. Further, it
describes the current state of contamination by organotins in the
marine environment and gastropod imposex, with a special focus on
Europe and Asia, introduces readers to analytical techniques for
organotin compounds, and assesses the contamination and adverse
effects of alternatives to organotin-based antifouling paints.
Imposex, a superimposition of male genital tracts, such as penis
and vas deferens, on female gastropod mollusks, is known as a
typical phenomenon or consequence of endocrine disruption in
wildlife. Imposex is typically induced by very low concentrations
of organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin
(TPhT) from antifouling paints on ships and fishing nets.
Reproductive failure may be brought about in severely affected
stages of imposex, resulting in population decline and/or mass
extinction. Thus, gastropod imposex has been recognized as a
critical environmental pollution issue. Although gastropod imposex
is also highly interesting for the biological sciences because of
its acquired pseudohermaphroditism and/or sex change by certain
chemicals, such as TBT and TPhT, the mechanism that induces the
development of imposex remains unclear, possibly due to our limited
understanding of the endocrinology of gastropod mollusks. This book
offers a useful guide for professionals and students interested in
the fields of aquatic biology, invertebrate physiology,
ecotoxicology and environmental science.
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