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Endothelial Dysfunction - Risk Factors, Role in Cardiovascular Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches (Hardcover)
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Endothelial Dysfunction - Risk Factors, Role in Cardiovascular Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches (Hardcover)
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The endothelium is a thin mono-cellular layer which covers the
inner surface of the blood vessels, separating the circulating
blood from the tissues and also has the responsibility for
uninterrupted maintenance of circulation to all the vital tissues.
Endothelium is a very active organ, it works as a receptor-effector
organ and responds to each physical or chemical stimulus with the
release of the appropriate substance with which it may maintain
vasomotor balance and vascular-tissue homeostasis. It has the
property of producing, independently, both agonistic and
antagonistic substances that help to keep homeostasis and its
function is not only autocrine, but also paracrine and endocrine.
In this way it modulates the vascular smooth muscle cells producing
relaxation or contraction, and therefore vasodilatation or
vasoconstriction. The vascular endothelium is vulnerable to maximum
wear and tear due to its positioning and requires prompt
regeneration of the cells. Whenever the imbalance between
substances with vasodilating, antimitogenic, and antithrombogenic
properties and substances with vasoconstricting, prothrombotic and
proliferative characteristics takes place, it causes a pathological
condition known as endothelial dysfunction. These substances
intervenes in cell proliferation and migration, in leukocyte
adhesion and activation and in immunological and inflammatory
processes, further which is responsible for apoptosis of vascular
endothelial cells resulting in overall endothelial dysfunction and
vasculopathy. This book discusses, in further detail, the risk
factors, and the role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular
diseases and therapeutic approaches to dealing with endothelial
dysfunction.
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