Eliezer Gruenbaum (1908-1948) was a Polish Jew denounced for
serving as a Kapo while interned at Auschwitz. He was the communist
son of Itzhak Gruenbaum, the most prominent secular leader of
interwar Polish Jewry who later became the chairman of the Jewish
Agency's Rescue Committee during the Holocaust and Israel's first
minister of the interior. In light of the father's high placement
in both Polish and Israeli politics, the denunciation of the
younger Gruenbaum and his suspicious death during the 1948
Arab-Israeli war add intrigue to a controversy that really centers
on the question of what constitutes--and how do we evaluate--moral
behavior in Auschwitz.
Gruenbaum--a Jewish Kapo, a communist, an anti-Zionist, a
secularist, and the son of a polarizing Zionist leader--became a
symbol exploited by opponents of the movements to which he was
linked. Sorting through this Rashomon-like story within the
cultural and political contexts in which Gruenbaum operated,
Friling illuminates key debates that rent the Jewish community in
Europe and Israel from the 1930s to the 1960s.
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