Most of the major carriers worldwide have joined one of three
international airline alliances. The U.S. Department of
Transportation has granted immunity from the U.S. antitrust laws to
many carriers within these alliances. This article assesses the
competitive effects and efficiencies associated with such grants. A
grant of antitrust immunity to carriers in an alliance reduces
competition in routes where these carriers offer competing flights,
and the data show that fares paid by passengers for travel in
non-stop trans-Atlantic flights are higher in routes with fewer
independent competitors. The data also show that the alliances can
produce pricing efficiencies for trans-Atlantic passengers who
travel with connecting itineraries, but antitrust immunity within
an alliance is not necessary to achieve such efficiencies.
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