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Potassium Solubilizing Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2016)
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Potassium Solubilizing Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2016)
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The potassium solubilizing microorganisms (KSMs) are a rhizospheric
microorganism which solubilizes the insoluble potassium (K) to
soluble forms of K for plant growth and yield. K-solubilization is
carried out by a large number of saprophytic bacteria (Bacillus
mucilaginosus, B. edaphicus, B. circulans, Acidothiobacillus
ferrooxidans, Paenibacillus spp.) and fungal strains (Aspergillus
spp. and Aspergillus terreus). Major amounts of K containing
minerals (muscovite, orthoclase, biotite, feldspar, illite, mica)
are present in the soil as a fixed form which is not directly taken
up by the plant. Nowadays most of the farmers use injudicious
application of chemical fertilizers for achieving maximum
productivity. However, the KSMs are most important microorganisms
for solubilizing fixed form of K in soil system. The KSMs are an
indigenous rhizospheric microorganism which show effective
interaction between soil-plant systems. The main mechanism of KSMs
is acidolysis, chelation, exchange reactions, complexolysis and
production of organic acid. According to the literature, currently
negligible use of potassium fertilizer as chemical form has been
recorded in agriculture for enhancing crop yield. Most of the
farmers use only nitrogen and phosphorus and not the K fertilizer
due to unawareness that the problem of K deficiency occurs in
rhizospheric soils. The K fertilizer is also costly as compared to
other chemical fertilizers.
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