As the world has transformed, so have cities. Today, cities are
home to 54 percent of the world's population, and by the middle of
this century that figure will likely rise to 66 percent. According
to the United Nations (UN) Habitat I (1972), Habitat II (1996) and
Habitat III (2016) summits, cities are facing many serious
challenges, including growing inequality, security concerns and the
worsening impacts of climate change. Uncontrolled urbanization has
led to many problems (haphazard growth of areas, emergence of
slums, inadequate water and power supply, poor sanitation, shortage
of transport and other civic amenities, shrinking green spaces,
pollution, crime, and urban disaster risks such as fire, flood,
road and industrial accidents, etc.). Worldwide, communities at the
international, national and local level are continuously working to
improve human habitats. In order to make our planet more
sustainable, the UN has moved from the Millennium Development Goals
(MDG) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Among the latter,
the aim of SDG 11 is to "...make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable." In light of these
challenges, various terms have emerged to help understand urban
issues. Visualizing the problem, the United Nations program "Making
Cities Resilient" is focused on mitigating the disaster risk in
urban areas. This book analyzes terms such as: sustainable,
resilient, livable, inclusive, smart and world class city, which
have emerged in the process of combating urban challenges in
today's world. The book addresses emerging concepts for cities,
challenges and potentials, urban environments, health and
planning/policies. Covering 14 large cities in India, as well as
case studies from Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Poland and
Sweden, it provides a regional dimension to and micro-level
perspective on urban issues.
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