This study enhances the awareness of stakeholders about the technological development in financial institutions and its role to improve performance & growth of banking sector. This study also creates understanding about Interest Rate Spread (IRS), which is a prominent indicator of efficiency of the banking sector. IRS, in an economy, has crucial implication for the growth and development, as numerous authors suggest a critical link between efficient intermediate and economic growth. Efficient intermediation benefits the real economy by allowing higher expected return for saver and providing more opportunity by cheep investible fund. This study measures the impact of technological development along with other traditional variables on IRS. The result reveals that implementation/adoption of new technology has significant role in IRS. This study also provides guidance to the stakeholders for the improvement of banking sector in Pakistan.

The rapid increase in the globalization of world financial markets and greater volatility transfer among the markets lead researchers to the exploration of factors that drive international financial integration and volatility. This study investigates extensively the integration of various segments of financial markets (i.e. money market, lending and deposit market, exchange rate market, and capital market) both domestically and internationally. Based on the results of cointegration analysis, it is found that domestic money market variables are integrated. There is no cointegration between money market and capital market of Pakistan. Similarly, no evidence of cointegration is found between money market and exchange rate market and between capital market and exchange rate market of Pakistan. Whereas, domestic money market rates of Pakistan and USA are not cointegrated. Whereas, an evidence of cointegration between capital markets of Pakistan and USA is found in this study. Absence of cointegration between domestic and international money markets tells the investors to get an opportunity of risk diversification in short term trading of financial instruments.