This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. The chapters included in this book examine the relationship between identity, ideology, victimisation and ideological segregation and diverse emotional variables; personality traits of spitefulness in humans and non-humans; the theoretical panorama on the experience of guilt; the interpretation of guilt in adolescents from the perspective of guilt-eliciting situations, trait guilt, self-disgust, and feelings of inferiority; individual differences in attitudes toward gay males; research findings on the relationship between tobacco consumption, negative affect, negative reinforcement, and relapse; the possible influence of parental Problematic Internet Use (PIU) on the mental health of their children; the epidemiology of suicidality, mortality and overdose associated with Z-drugs; social influences on meat consumption; and "engineer's intuition" in the construction industry in Japan.

This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. The first chapter examines psychoactive substance use and abuse among individuals living with spinal cord injury. The following chapters discuss the role of time perspective on well-bring, life stratification and mindfulness; the ecological landscape of bilingual memory; provide a discussion on developing EI/empathy of pre-service teachers using SDM as a teaching model; examine the pros and cons of an online prospective memory experiment; religious influence on out-group stereotypes; biophysical aspects of childhood obesity; performance errors and commission errors while performing a prospective memory task under divided attention; and spirituality as an aspect of health behavior and informal care-giving.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on convergence of subjective and objective methodologies in consciousness research; childhood maltreatment predictors of trait impulsivity; discusses how self-control and materialism influence excessive spending; the role of sport and physical activity in promoting the psychosocial well-being of military personnel with disabilities; technological and psychological principles and platform success for complex systems; a review of excessive infant crying; evaluation of perinatal and paediatric risk factors for the development of schizophrenia; and the impacts of divorce on children and adolescents.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on the relationship between sleep quality and social media and mobile phone use; personality predictors of driver space preference; the perception of illness and social supports as predictors of self-esteem; development delays and temperament in children with leukaemia after the first year of therapy; cognitive deficits after electroconvulsive therapy; the psychodynamics of nursing work; the relationship between assertiveness, anxiety and risk-taking attitudes among Chinese university students; and finally, examines the happy science doctrine and the theoretical and theological base for prayer-based health interventions.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on behaviour modification for the obese person with depression; mental health and therapy in contemporary china; intensive behavioural therapy for the treatment of obesity; a post-Jungian personality theory; Kolb's experiential learning theory revisited; impulsivity and reactive aggressiveness; supporting students from divorced families; appraisals and control strategies for intrusive thoughts of failure, dirt, and aggression; exploration of the belief bias in transitive inference; and aggression and impulsivity in suicidal behaviour.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on the observed score versus Rasch score analysis of efficacy data; interpersonal orientation and online gaming behaviours; consumer purchase behaviour of private labels brands in emerging markets; the role of health professionals in positive aging; impulsivity in youth; body experience as the core of body image development; impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder; predicting psychological maladjustment by self-esteem and self-concept clarity; psychological health in elderly hospitalised patients with and without the STOPP-START criteria of inappropriate prescription; potential logarithmic relationships governing living systems and the perceptions of stimuli; how experience and information influence the choice behaviour; and the recent psychological responses to Ebola.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on the interpersonal functions of emotions; physical and social anhedonia traits; psychological predictors, neural mechanisms and clinical treatment options of anhedonia; a school-wide approach to preventing childhood anxiety; vitamins and minerals as alternative or complementary therapies in depression; self-assessed intelligence and self-reported personality; a critical engagement with social psychological contributions to modifying the health of people and the planet; psychomotor and dopaminergic bipolarity in unipolar depression: experimental findings, conceptual analysis and implications for treatment strategies; and developing an improved reporting system for human rights violations of persons with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities in South Africa.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on re-exploring the gender gap in mathematics; effects of motivation and gender on prospective memory strategy use; the development of autonomy and relatedness across cultures; anxiety and affect in racially unmatched dyads during evaluation and assessment; high risk juveniles; the role of impulsivity in patients with major affective disorders; social-communication and behavioral problems in down syndrome; revised version of the body esteem scale: psychometric evidence from Brazilian men; types of emotional intelligence; and identity management within culture.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on the parenting behaviour, parental influence, and adolescents' risk behaviour; estimating the effects of casinos and of lotteries on suicide; human brainwaves synchronisation; honours students; the biopsychology of SCZ; issues surrounding the assessment of developmental coordination disorder; and the real roles of corruption.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on the role of impulsivity in the relationship between dissociation and posttraumatic reactions after trauma; emotion regulation difficulties in caregivers and children; customer satisfaction and tips; brand self-distance vs brand-self approach; a further developed semi-quantitative psychological model of the happiness of homo sapiens economicus; the effect of pets on stress reactivity; new developments in stress research; risky behaviours of adolescents; and team mental models in design problem solving.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book shines light on the darker aspects of personality; personality-informed psychosis interventions; overcoming biases against people with mental illness and offenders with mental illness; the comparisons of psychological well-being, suicidal ideation, using alcohol, and coping strategies between nursing students and business students in the United States; personality change and problem behaviour; the concentric interactive psychotherapy group; cognitive flexibility, worry, and generalised anxiety disorder symptoms; relations among sadness, pain, social support and college students' health; the responsiveness of negative cognitive content to an induced negative mood state in those with and without a previous history of depression; health and gender medicine from a psychosocial perspective; another perspective for discussing students' understanding of mathematics; and stress among engineering students.

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial results across a broad spectrum. This book reviews research on serial killers who murder women; an examination of belief in myths of popular psychology among university students; a model of the use-it-or-lose-it theory; a comparison of children's and teachers' reports on predictive factors of depressive symptomology in school-age children; the implications for performance and health of emotional intelligence training; positive psychological viewpoints for successful leadership; the poetics of melancholy in Djuna Barnes's Nightwood; and social anxiety and hyperhidrosis.

'Advances in Psychology Research' presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial psychology advances across a broad spectrum.

The neurophysiology of electroencephalogram gamma oscillations and their role in brain function, cognitive processes and of altered states of consciousness are described in the opening chapter. The second chapter aims to further the understanding of the trauma spectrum disorder conceptualisation by examining the content, construct, and criterion validity of this concept, with use of mixed literature reviews and secondary data analyses. The authors go on to provide guidance for the assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, addressing the special challenges within long-term care settings and with the increasing geriatric population such as their unwillingness to discuss symptoms because of shame and stigma. Additionally, this compilation reviews the literature on the potential beneficial role of errors, and specifically on students adaptive reactions and attitudes towards errors, error climate in classrooms, and on teachers adaptive and/or maladaptive strategies in handling students errors. The authors continue to reviews literature on youths cyberbullying involvement by explaining what cyberbullying is, risk factors associated with cyberbullying, and the negative psychological and academic outcomes of cyberbullying involvement. The three main theoretical perspectives which are used to explain role modelling are examined, and furthermore, how media influences this process. The final chapter examines patient preferences for dentists. The sample was composed of 169 Portuguese adults, and participants were asked to indicate their preference for eight dentists who were stratified by gender, age, and training country.

In this compilation, the authors examine how recent, massive advances in the technology and reach of the social media, through platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube have spawned a new global debate on the human dimensions of wildlife conservation, with possible impacts on the public perception and application of conservation policy. Moreover, the authors examine the current data analysis tools and technologies that are used to detect extreme online criminal behaviour and the challenges that exist associated with the use of these technologies. Next, in the context of Peters, Sunderland, Andrews, Rapee, and Mattick's Social Phobia Scale and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, one study examines support for a bifactor model, factor-based internal consistency reliabilities of the factors in this model, and measurement invariance across gender for the items in the bifactor model. Volume 138 goes on to estimate the prevalence and profile of psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of patients who requested treatment for chronic use of cocaine, including 258 patients who met the inclusion criteria evaluated using Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, a semi-structured diagnostic interview that differentiates primary mental disorders from those induced by cocaine. An additional review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of two approaches to health intervention development, followed by a discussion about how the two approaches can be integrated into a more general framework guiding persuasive intervention development.

After many centuries of study, social scientific researchers in many fields, such as those of human emotion, are still at a loss for even definitions of constructs on which to base explicit theories. In this book, human emotion factors were assessed for a sample of 291 Yoruba-speaking students with a questionnaire administered in Ibadan metropolis. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for uplifting individual happiness, collective identity and sense of connection to others, as well as theoretical implications of these findings for the nature of attitudes, emotions and intergroup relations are explored. Next, the authors show that heuristics and biases are most likely a heritage from our evolutionary past as they are also detected in non-human primates and observed early in children. The results obtained by running a similar food gambling task with children and individuals of 6 different species of non-human primates are presented, and observed gambling rates were analysed in the different sets of individuals and estimations of different choice theories parameters were run. Risk aversion and loss aversion were detected and measured at various levels in non-human primates and children. The key finding is that cognitive processes in the context of risk are not uniquely human and are based on biologically measurable foundations. Following this, this book reviews problems that researchers face when trying to establish the aggressiveness of computer gamers who engage with violent content during gameplay. When conducting media comparisons, the comparisons are only valid within zones of comparability. Either the level of participants interactivity has to be constant across the media type compared, while the media content varies; or the content of specific media should be kept constant, whereas the level of interactivity with the content then varies. Afterwards, the authors discuss the mushrooming of self-help groups of patients in Germany in the 1970s. Today, these groups are seen as complementary resources for the health care system, in contrast to their perception at the time. In this chapter, the socio-political background for the integration of self-help into the health care system is presented, along with a short history of the research on collaboration in Germany before the concept of self-help friendliness emerged. Additionally research on and practice of the methodical approach of self-help friendliness is presented. The authors go on to present the results of a systematic review of the recent literature regarding the association between birth order and the development of personality. Whether ordinal position between siblings has a further impact on human lives is a question that has interested the scientific community and the general public for decades. The so-called "birth order theory" was formulated by the Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler in 1947. He argued that birth order has a profound and lasting effect on psychological development. The objective of the following chapter was to analyze the profile of the sexual aggressor of children and adolescents, according to manifestations of the violence and link with the victims, in a decade (2007-2016). The authors used a cross-sectional study, based on data from the "Police Inquiry Reports; Occurrence Bulletins and Circumstantial Terms to maintain the importance of raising awareness among adolescents and young people and to determine the role of interpersonal relationships, social formation and ties with family members, acquaintances, boyfriends, friends and colleagues. The central goal is to halt the repetition of violent models and prevent the generational transmission of the cycle of victimization-aggression. The findings of an additional study on sexual violence against children and adolescents, whose perpetrators are familiar and some known from the social environment of the victims, point to the need for prevention measures and support to family and social centers. This book reinforces the importance of protection and prevention to encourage anonymous complaints. Next, the authors suggest that examining sexual behavior that differs between men and women is often difficult because treating men and women as different is as much of a problem as treating men and women as being the same. Thus, the authors will present data from multiple studies conducted with groups of college women primarily in the United States over the past 20 years. The studies were published from 1989 to 2010. Beyond documenting that women use a range of tactics that includes coercion and physical force to obtain sex from unwilling men (or men unable to give consent), these studies demonstrate differences in personality, demographics, cultural setting, beliefs, and personal history between women who aggress and those who do not. In the concluding chapter, adults (ages 19-72, M = 47.05 years, n = 235) were given the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF, n = 171 scoring 0-5 (normal); n = 27 scoring 6-9 (suggesting depression), and n = 37 scoring 10-15 (almost always indicative of depression) and Palmores (2001) 20-item Ageism Survey. Neither age, gender nor education were related to Ageism Survey items. Increases in probable depression lead to more Ageism Survey items endorsed once or more than once.

In the opening study included in Advances in Psychology Research. Volume 136, the authors analyze significant determinants, such as personality traits and educational level, positive thinking and life satisfaction among parents of preschool children. The study was conducted on a sample of 152 children and 152 parents at the Department of Paediatrics of the University Hospital Rijeka and in the Kindergarten Rijeka in Croatia. Following this, three other studies were conducted. Study one examines the correlations between intergroup evaluations, belonging and self-esteem. Study two assesses the extent to which in-group favouring is associated with elevated belonging. Study three examines belonging as both a predictor and outcome of intergroup evaluations, and the effect of social identity. The authors present evidence that private self-awareness may play a more pivotal role than public self-awareness and self-conscious emotion in cortisol reactivity to social-evaluative threats. Private self-awareness allows for integration of social self-preservation theory with objective self-awareness theory by explaining cortisol reactivity in both social-evaluative and private settings. One investigation seeks to identify the group-based emotions felt by individuals by distinguishing their object for the first time in the context of sport spectatorship. Following deserved game outcomes, in-group emotions were predicted to show the greatest variability between defeat and victory compared to out-group emotions. The authors examine what gives rise to pro-defendant and anti-defendant biases in punishment decisions, specifically exploring legal judgments about the police officers. We test the influence of perceivers political ideology on the mental representations held of law enforcement, and the subsequent impact of those biased perceptions on decisions to punish the officer for possible wrongdoing after viewing video evidence. Society-level data and empirical reports are analyzed, documenting how single and multiply combined marginalized social identities put individuals at even greater risk for experiencing bias in rulings against them. Various social factors that influence assessments of personal control and thwart efforts to maintain impartiality when acting as arbiters of justice in the legal system are also discussed. Continuing, this compilation discusses recent technical issues on the relevance and specific features of clinical experience with psychotic patients, such as bodily countertransference and enactments that repeat the abrupt caesura which took place in the original encounter with the object, not forgetting the intense and delicate working through process that therapists need to carry out in order to make contact with, contain and start to represent the patients violent emotions. Clinician and consumers views and perspectives of CBT treatment for older people with depression are explored. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with mental health professionals and older consumers. Thematic analysis revealed a range of insights embedded within three major themes: (i) understanding and experience of CBT; (ii) challenges and barriers to CBT uptake, and (iii) delivering CBT. The concluding study used a prospective cohort design with two assessments of d aily fruit and vegetable intake separated by a period of 6-months. A purposive sample of university employees completed the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale to assess motives for healthy eating followed by an assessment of daily fruit and vegetable intake plus select demographic items.

In chapter one, Sarah Turner, Nathan Nickel, PhD, Marni Brownell, PhD, Jennifer Theule, PhD, and Tracie O. Afifi, PhD, present a study with the goal to determine the correlation between infant feeding and subsequent hyperactive or inattentive behaviours and ADHD diagnosis. In chapter two, Nikolay Bokhan continues with a study on research and development of pathogenetic mechanisms and relationship between gender and heroin addiction, their clinical expression, and differentiated rehabilitation. In chapter three, Daniel L. Wann, Ryan K. Zapalac, Frederick G. Grieve, Jason R. Lanter, and Ted B. Peetz investigate the link between increased access to legal sports gambling and fandom, including sports interest and consumption behaviours, and present their findings. In chapter four, a study evaluating behavioural activation intervention applied to non-professional caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms via conference calling is discussed by Fernando L. Vazquez, Patricia Otero, Vanessa Blanco, Lara Lopez, and Angela Torres. In chapter five, the impact and consequences of DV, the utility of psychotherapy services in aiding stay-leave decision making, and the complications encountered by rural DV victims in accessing such services are described by Kendal Binion and Matt J Gray. In chapter six, studies on Dimethytryptamine are discussed by Juan Acosta-Urquidi, PhD. In chapter seven, Igor A. Kelmanson, MD, PhD examines the link between caesarean deliveries on maternal request and increased psychological problems in children. In chapter eight, a final study is presented with the goal to understand the link between clinical insight and cognitive insight.

This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. In Chapter One, the author argues that teaching psychobiography as a method in universities would be very useful, and that similar idiographic methods are important in psychotherapy research. Chapter Two analyses a comprehensive model for a possible new clinical condition called studyholism. Chapter Three studies student consumer behavior. Chapter Four examines the similarity of parents and teachers ratings on kindergarteners motor functioning with childrens actual motor tasks performances. Chapter Five reviews research advances in forensic assessment and therapeutic intervention, which are two of the most important areas of forensic psychology. Chapter Six explicates the challenges and ethical dilemmas in charting mental health information in electronic records. Chapter Seven examines how different internal and external markers of resiliency affect mental health outcomes after interpersonal violence; namely, posttraumatic stress, emotional dysregulation, and posttraumatic growth. Chapter Eight discusses current theoretical debates about differential diagnosis between bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, considering the nature of their etiology, the convergence of their clinical features and the treatment implications. Chapter Nine presents three methods of calculating attention bias. Chapter Ten studies the role of consumer regret and cognitive load in online shopping.

This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. Chapter One reviews job satisfaction and occupational accidents. Chapter Two discusses the concept of creativity in the works of Piaget and Vygotsky. Chapter Three analyses the positivity of anger in relationships. Chapter Four focuses on the connections between early maladaptive schemas and basic personality dimensions, affective attachment styles and empathy. Chapter Five investigates the way in which infant sex may be reflected in spontaneous maternal mind-related comments to young infants in free mother-infant interactions. Chapter Six introduces research on the impact of a child's disease on the parent-child relationship. Chapter Seven reviews homophobic bullying. Chapter Eight adopts the male perspective to review the variables that predict the role of men as targets and as perpetrators of sexual objectification, as well as the consequences of perpetration of male sexual objectification.

In Advances in Psychology Research. Volume 133, the authors argue potential benefits of information incompleteness as stimuli, made possible by autonomous reduction, for designers creative imagination. This paper reports on a study conducted using a French Rococo clock made in eighteenth century as a prompt. In a subsequent paper, human emotion factors were assessed for a sample of 291 Yoruba-speaking students with a questionnaire administered in Ibadan metropolis. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for individual happiness, collective identity and sense of connection to others, as well as theoretical implications of these findings for the nature of attitudes, emotions and intergroup relations are explored. Next, several previously research studies regarding the reasons why people commit fraud are examined in order to summarize what research has discovered about the motivations of fraud perpetrators. The authors suggest that the reason is not as simple as greed. This book includes a paper which investigates the effect of Fear of Negative Evaluation on oral performance among third year students of English specialised in Language Science and didactics at Bejaia University. To draw their conclusions, the authors used a mixed-method approach based on both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This compilation also discusses Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Article 12 makes explicit reference to childrens right to say what they think about matters relating to the quality of their lives and to have these opinions taken into account in accordance with their levels of competence and maturity. Detailed recommendations for effective culturally relevant policy initiatives and optimal strategies are offered. Going in a different direction, the following chapter discusses how the composition of gut microbiota is dependent upon many factors, including the method of birth delivery, maternal and neonate antibiotic use, diet, genetics, infection, postnatal stress and maternal care, and formula feeding in place of breast-feeding. The authors suggest that targeting the gut microbiota composition as a form of treatment for psychiatric disorders may be the next step in mental health care. After this, a chapter is included which is focused on the relationship between internal auditing, psychology and fraud, which is shown to be an almost empty research and practice field. Therefore, the general role of internal auditing within the corporate governance (in particular, anti-fraud control) and the present level of psychological knowledge among internal auditors are discussed. Recommendations to further strengthen the effectiveness of internal auditing will be given. The final chapter suggests that the behaviour of parents, consciously or unconsciously, can influence their childs expectations, perceptions about their abilities, performance, and duration of participation in sports. Parents can also influence the satisfaction that a child can gain from a particular sport activity.

This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. Chapter One analyzes the relationship between being a victim and/or aggressor of face-to-face bullying behavior and the degree of parents' acceptance/coercion, and parental education styles. Chapter Two outlines difficulties associated with trauma assessment in pre-school children, and identifies recommended measures for clinical use with this population. Chapter Three provides an overview of the empirical evidences available within the last decade for reducing challenging behaviors of children with developmental disabilities. Chapter Four analyzes bereaved children to explore the expression of grief and related experiences in the children's artworks and narratives. Chapter Five investigates Chinese elementary school students' motivation to read English and attitude toward learning English using mixed research methods. Chapter Six investigates the pattern of secondary schoolteachers' emotional experiences in Hong Kong. Chapter Seven focuses on pre-competitive situational anxiety in sports.

This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. Chapter One discusses the evolution of morals throughout world history. Chapter Two reviews Vygotskys view on tools, signs and the spoken word, which are elaborated through a comparison of his early anthropological writings with his later works. Chapter Three describes facial emotion recognition in a group of juvenile offenders and compares it with a group of non-offender adolescents, and also determines which emotions were misrecognised and for which one they were misattributed in both groups. Chapter Four examines cumulative family risk and youth adjustment difficulties during early adolescence. Chapter Five reviews a study on the relationship between personality and happiness using a modified version of the Oxford Happiness Inventory and a 20 adjective checklist of personality traits. Chapter Six compares body dissatisfaction among Polish and Japanese women and defines risk factors for body dissatisfaction. Chapter Seven focuses on the adaptive functions of the focusing manner of experiencing. Chapter Eight studies a South African perspective on vicarious traumatisation and the self in professional learning of social work. Chapter Nine reviews literature based on predictors of food cravings, potential health impacts, and treatment options.

This book focuses on the latest developments in psychology research. The author of Chapter One contends that lucid control across states of consciousness can be used to change the negative aspects of mental processes such as nightmares, phobic anxiety, addictions, obsessive compulsive symptoms and hallucinations. Chapter Two reviews how to identify loneliness in intimate relations. Chapter Three explores stereotypic backhanded compliments. Chapter Four reviews and analyzes critically two discourses for guiding the transformation of adolescent girls into young adults, and proposes a meta-discourse for adolescent girls that incorporates the strengths of each discourse and discusses its operationalization. Chapter Five examines the relationships between marital status and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in the general population. Chapter Six aims to investigate the way in which the position of the infant in the family - in regard to birth order is related to maternal cognitive (attentional focus) and mental state comments of young infants in spontaneous mother-infant interactions. Chapter Seven examines 8- to 10-year-old childrens memory for temporal aspects of naturally occurring distinct personal events in two different contexts: autobiographical memory narratives and a personal photograph-taking paradigm. Chapter Eight speculates about the German Wings Disaster and what we can learn from such a tragedy. Chapter Nine examines the new DSM-V, psychopathology plus neuroscience and the omics sciences.