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First ever critical study of Tolkien’s little-known essay, which
reveals how language invention shaped the creation of Middle-earth
and beyond, to George R R Martin’s Game of Thrones. J.R.R.
Tolkien’s linguistic invention was a fundamental part of his
artistic output, to the extent that later on in life he attributed
the existence of his mythology to the desire to give his languages
a home and peoples to speak them. As Tolkien puts it in ‘A Secret
Vice’, ‘the making of language and mythology are related
functions’. In the 1930s, Tolkien composed and delivered two
lectures, in which he explored these two key elements of his
sub-creative methodology. The second of these, the seminal Andrew
Lang Lecture for 1938–9, ‘On Fairy-Stories’, which he
delivered at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, is well
known. But many years before, in 1931, Tolkien gave a talk to a
literary society entitled ‘A Hobby for the Home’, where he
unveiled for the first time to a listening public the art that he
had both himself encountered and been involved with since his
earliest childhood: ‘the construction of imaginary languages in
full or outline for amusement’. This talk would be edited by
Christopher Tolkien for inclusion as ‘A Secret Vice’ in The
Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays and serves as the
principal exposition of Tolkien’s art of inventing languages.
This new critical edition, which includes previously unpublished
notes and drafts by Tolkien connected with the essay, including his
‘Essay on Phonetic Symbolism’, goes some way towards re-opening
the debate on the importance of linguistic invention in Tolkien’s
mythology and the role of imaginary languages in fantasy
literature.
First ever critical study of Tolkien’s little-known essay, which
reveals how language invention shaped the creation of Middle-earth
and beyond, to George R R Martin’s Game of Thrones. J.R.R.
Tolkien’s linguistic invention was a fundamental part of his
artistic output, to the extent that later on in life he attributed
the existence of his mythology to the desire to give his languages
a home and peoples to speak them. As Tolkien puts it in ‘A Secret
Vice’, ‘the making of language and mythology are related
functions’. In the 1930s, Tolkien composed and delivered two
lectures, in which he explored these two key elements of his
sub-creative methodology. The second of these, the seminal Andrew
Lang Lecture for 1938–9, ‘On Fairy-Stories’, which he
delivered at the University of St Andrews in Scotland, is well
known. But many years before, in 1931, Tolkien gave a talk to a
literary society entitled ‘A Hobby for the Home’, where he
unveiled for the first time to a listening public the art that he
had both himself encountered and been involved with since his
earliest childhood: ‘the construction of imaginary languages in
full or outline for amusement’. This talk would be edited by
Christopher Tolkien for inclusion as ‘A Secret Vice’ in The
Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays and serves as the
principal exposition of Tolkien’s art of inventing languages.
This new critical edition, which includes previously unpublished
notes and drafts by Tolkien connected with the essay, including his
‘Essay on Phonetic Symbolism’, goes some way towards re-opening
the debate on the importance of linguistic invention in Tolkien’s
mythology and the role of imaginary languages in fantasy
literature.
Civil Procedure Rules at 20 is a collection of presentations and
papers to mark the 20th anniversary of the CPR coming into force,
many of which were delivered orally at the CPR at 20 Conference at
the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights, at Mansfield College,
Oxford, in 2019. The presentations and papers have been edited and
extended to provide a permanent record available to a wider
audience. The book is dedicated to examining key challenges and
changes facing the civil justice system, marking the 20th
anniversary of the current civil procedures governing civil
litigation in England and Wales. It addresses a range of technical,
political, and controversial subjects on access to justice and the
rules governing civil litigation, including the digitization of the
justice system and the future role of artificial intelligence; the
emergence of class actions; disclosure rules and reform;
restrictions on Judicial Review challenges to Government decisions;
closed material proceedings; and efforts to make the costs of civil
litigation more affordable and proportional, including the
availability of legal aid. With a Foreword by Lord Briggs, the
contributions come from those best qualified to tell this story,
from senior judges, practitioners, and leading academic scholars
each with their own unique perspective.
This collection is in honour of Adrian Zuckerman, Emeritus
Professor of Civil Procedure at the University of Oxford. Bringing
together a distinguished group of judges and academics to reflect
on the impact of his work on our understanding of civil procedure
and evidence today. An internationally renowned scholar, Professor
Zuckerman has dedicated his professional life to the law of
evidence and civil procedure, drawing attention to the principles
and policies that shape litigation practice and their wider social
impact. His pioneering scholarship is admired by the judiciary and
the academy and has influenced several major reforms of the civil
justice system including the Woolf Reforms that heralded the
introduction of the Civil Procedure Rules, and Lord Justice
Jackson's Review of Civil Litigation Costs. His work has also
informed law reform bodies and courts in other jurisdictions.
Building upon Professor Zuckerman's work, the contributors address
outstanding problems in the field of civil procedure and evidence,
and in keeping with Adrian's record of always exploring new areas,
the book includes chapters on the prospects for a digital justice
system, including the new online court being developed in England
and the potential role of algorithms in the court room.
A comprehensive account of legal professional privilege as it
applies to corporations covering four major common law
jurisdictions: the UK, Australia, Canada and the United States.
Higgins provides a practical set of principles to advise
practitioners in the large number of areas where there is
uncertainty in the law of privilege as it applies to corporate
communications. This book will act as an invaluable guide to
practitioners and judges trying to ascertain the often fine line
between whether a corporate communication is privileged or not. In
particular the book provides a concise overview of the law of
privilege in the UK, Australia, Canada and the United States, and
detailed consideration of: - The definition of the corporate
client, which is still unresolved in England following the Court of
Appeal's decision in Three Rivers No 5. - The legal advisers
covered by the privilege in increasingly competitive legal services
markets, including the position of in-house counsel, accountants
and multi-disciplinary partnerships. - The key trends in the
courts' application of the legal purpose test in connection with
advice given by lawyers, and documents and communications made in
anticipation of litigation. - The application of the privilege in
'intra-corporate' disputes between the company and shareholders,
the company and its directors, as well as disputes between the
company and third parties alleging a joint interest in the
company's legal advice. - When corporate privilege is waived,
including the emerging doctrine of limited waiver endorsed in some
jurisdictions, the common-interest privilege exception to waiver,
the extent of waiver over communications with experts when a party
discloses an expert's report, and the rights of corporations to
recover privilege material disclosed unintentionally. - The scope
of the crime-fraud or iniquity exception and the procedures for
claiming and challenging privilege. In examining these issue
practitioners can compare and contrast the case law in their home
jurisdictions with the approaches taken in other common law
countries, which will be particularly helpful where there is
limited domestic authority on point. Higgins addresses questions of
principle and practice that are unique to, or commonly arise, in
corporate contexts. In addition the book will provide lawyers and
law makers with a critical examination of the rationale and scope
of privilege, highlighting areas where a strong case can be made
for more or less protection for corporate communications, or a
redistribution of the benefits and burdens of privilege in
intra-corporate disputes. The text is clearly laid out for quick
access to information. It is an essential reference tool for
practitioners in all fields of civil practice, and for students of
Civil Procedure and Evidence.
A little boy forgets to close his cupboard door one evening and
comes face to face with the great and friendly monster Muncher
Cruncher There's a disguise, a run through the streets at night
and... baking Add to that a cheeky mouse and a twist at the end...
a great little story for 4 - 7/8 year olds.
In French: A little boy forgets to close his cupboard door one
evening and comes face to face with the great and friendly monster
Muncher Cruncher There's a disguise, a run through the streets at
night and... baking Add to that a cheeky mouse and a twist at the
end... a great little story for 4 - 7/8 year olds.
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