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Essays exploring how England was governed during a tumultuous
period. The twin themes of power and authority in
fourteenth-century England, a century of transition between the
high and late medieval polities, run throughout this volume,
reflecting Professor Given-Wilson's seminal work in the area.
Covering the period between Edward I's final years and the tyranny
of Richard II, the volume encompasses political, social, economic
and administrative history through four major lens: central
governance, aristocratic politics, warfare, and English power
abroad. Topics covered include royal administrative efficiency; the
machinations of government clerks; the relationship between the
crown and market forces; the changing nature of noble titles and
lordship;and ideas of court politics, favouritism and loyalty.
Military policy is also examined, looking at army composition and
definitions of "war" and "rebellion". The book concludes with a
detailed study of treasonous English captainsaround Calais and a
broader examination of Plantagenet ambitions on the European stage.
REMY AMBUHL is Lecturer in Medieval History at the University of
Southampton; JAMES BOTHWELL is Lecturer in Later Medieval Historyat
the University of Leicester; LAURA TOMPKINS is Research Manager at
Historic Royal Palaces. Contributors: Andrew Ayton, Michael
Bennett, Wendy R. Childs, Gwilym Dodd, David Green, J.S. Hamilton,
Andy King, Alison McHardy, Mark Ormrod, Michael Prestwich, Bridget
Wells-Furby
Essays throwing fresh light on what it was like to be a medieval
soldier, drawing on archival research. The "long" fourteenth
century saw England fighting wars on a number of diverse fronts -
not just abroad, in the Hundred Years War, but closer to home. But
while tactics, battles, and logistics have been frequently
discussed, the actual experience of being a soldier has been less
often studied. Via a careful re-evaluation of original sources, and
the use of innovative methodological techniques such as statistical
analysis and the use of relational databases, the essays here bring
new insights to bear on soldiers, both as individuals and as
groups. Topics addressed include military service and the dynamics
of recruitment; the social composition of the armies; the question
of whether soldiers saw their role as a "profession"; and the
experience of prisoners of war. Contributors: Andrew Ayton, David
Simpkin, Andrew Spencer, David Bachrach, Iain MacInnes, Adam
Chapman, Michael Jones, Guilhem Pepin, Remy Ambuhl, Adrian R. Bell
Articles showcasing the fruits of the most recent scholarship in
the field of fourteenth-century studies. The wide-ranging studies
collected here reflect the latest concerns of and trends in
fourteenth-century research, including work on politics, the law,
religion, and chronicle writing. The lively (and controversial)
debate around the death of Edward II, and the brief but eventful
career of John of Eltham, earl of Cornwall, receive detailed
treatment, as does the theory and implementation of both the law of
treason in England and high status execution in Ireland. There is
an investigation of the often overlooked, yet ever present, lesser
parish clergy of pre-Black Death England, along with the notable
connections between Roman remains and craft guild piety in
fourteenth-century York.There are also chapters shedding new light
on fourteenth-century chronicles: one examines the St Albans
chronicle through the prism of chivalric culture, another analyses
the importance of the Chester Annals of 1385-8 in the writing
culture of the Midlands. Introduced with this volume is a new
section on "Notes and Documents"; re-examined here is an
often-cited letter from the reign of Richard II and the
problematic, yet crucial, issue of its authorship and dating. James
Bothwell is Lecturer in Later Medieval History at the University of
Leicester; Gwilym Dodd is Associate Professor of Medieval History
at the University of Nottingham Contributors: Paul Dryburgh, Aine
Foley, Christopher Guyol, Andy King, Jessica Knowles, E. Amanda
McVitty, D.A.L. Morgan, Philip Morgan, David Robinson.
Essays on crucial aspects of late medieval history. The essays
collected here, offered by three generations of his friends and
pupils, celebrate the outstanding career of Professor A.J. Pollard
and pay tribute to his scholarship and enduring influence in
furthering our understanding of late medieval England and France.
Drawing inspiration from his own research interests and writing,
which illuminated military, political and social interactions of
the period, they focus on three main themes. The contrasting styles
of governance adopted by English monarchs from Richard II to Henry
VII; the differing responses to civil conflict revealed in a
variety of localities; and the lives of men recruited to fight
overseas during the Hundred Years' War, and beyond the border with
Scotland in later years, are all explored here. These topics take
us across England from the far north to the Channel, to London, the
south-west and the Welsh lordship of Gower, while on the way also
examining how townsmen resisted taxation, the gentry administered
their estates and the western marches were ruled.
Having seized the throne from his cousin Richard II in 1399, Henry
Bolingbroke, the first nobleman to be made king of England since
the twelfth century, faced the remarkable challenge of securing his
power and authority over a kingdom that was divided and in turmoil.
This collection of essays - the first such collection focusing
specifically on the reign of the first Lancastrian king - by some
of the leading historians of late medieval England, takes a fresh
look at the crucial but neglected first years of Henry IV's reign,
examining how Henry met and overcame the challenges which his
usurpation created. Topics covered include a reappraisal of the
events surrounding the revolution of 1399; Henry's relations with
his northern magnates; the Yorkshire rising of 1405; the 'Long
Parliament' of 1406 and the nature and purpose of the king's
council. This collection adds significantly to an understanding of
the character of Henry IV, as well as the circumstances in which he
ruled, and will be essential for anyone with an interest in late
medieval English political history. Dr GWILYM DODD is Lecturer in
History at the University of Nottingham; Dr DOUGLAS BIGGS teaches
at the Department of History at Waldorf College. Contributors: M.
ARVANIGIAN, MICHAEL J. BENNETT, DOUGLAS BIGGS, JOEL BURDEN, GWILYM
DODD, ANTHONY GOODMAN, ANDY KING, CYNTHIA J. NEVILLE, A.J.TUCK,
SIMON K. WALKER.
Essays throwing fresh light on what it was like to be a medieval
soldier, drawing on archival research. The "long" fourteenth
century saw England fighting wars on a number of diverse fronts -
not just abroad, in the Hundred Years War, but closer to home. But
while tactics, battles, and logistics have been frequently
discussed, the actual experience of being a soldier has been less
often studied. Via a careful re-evaluation of original sources, and
the use of innovative methodological techniques such as statistical
analysis and the use of relational databases, the essays here bring
new insights to bear on soldiers, both as individuals and as
groups. Topics addressed include military service and the dynamics
of recruitment; the social composition of the armies; the question
of whether soldiers saw their role as a "profession"; and the
experience of prisoners of war. Contributors: Andrew Ayton, David
Simpkin, Andrew Spencer, David Bachrach, Iain MacInnes, Adam
Chapman, Michael Jones, Guilhem Pepin, Remy Ambuhl, Adrian R. Bell
The theme of warfare as a collective enterprise investigated in the
theatres of both land and sea. From warhorses to the men-at-arms
who rode them; armies that were raised to the lords who recruited,
led, administered, and financed them; and ships to the mariners who
crewed them; few aspects of the organisation and logistics ofwar in
late medieval England have escaped the scholarly attention, or
failed to benefit from the insights, of Dr Andrew Ayton. The
concept of the military community, with its emphasis on warfare as
a collective social enterprise, has always lain at the heart of his
work; he has shown in particular how this age of warfare is
characterised by related but intersecting military communities,
marked not only by the social and political relationships within
armies and navies, but by communities of mind, experience, and
enterprise. The essays in this volume, ranging from the late
thirteenth to the early fifteenth century, address various aspects
of this idea. They offer investigations of soldiers' and mariners'
equipment; their obligations, functions, status, and recruitment;
and the range and duration of their service. Gary P. Baker is a
Research Associate at the University of East Angliaand a Researcher
in History at the University of Groningen; Craig L. Lambert is
Lecturer in Maritime History at the University of Southampton;
David Simpkin teaches history at Birkenhead Sixth-Form College.
Contributors: Gary P. Baker, Adrian R. Bell, Peter Coss, Anne
Curry, Robert W. Jones, Andy King, Craig L. Lambert, Tony K. Moore,
J.J.N. Palmer, Philip Preston, Michael Prestwich, Matthew Raven,
Clifford J. Rogers, Nigel Saul, David Simpkin.
This series [pushes] the boundaries of knowledge and [develops] new
trends in approach and understanding. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW The
essays here provide a series of unusual, varying and complex
perspectives on late-medieval society, with a particular focus on
the European context. They show how in the north of England the
Cliffords and tenants of the honourof Pontefract were forced to
weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of their conflicting
loyalties to local lords and distant kings; how in East Anglia the
growing cult of St Margaret was reinforced by dissemination of her
life-story [published here from a manuscript in the British
Library]; how at Westminster the court of Henry IV was enhanced by
his purchase of luxury items, and how the inept rule of his
grandson Henry VI led to the "de-skilling" ofhitherto competent
bureaucracies in the exchequer and chancery; how in Normandy a fine
line was drawn between brigandage and movements for independence;
how in Burgundy the classic ideals of chivalry, as presented in the
duchy's literature, contrasted with the grim reality of military
and political confrontations; and how in Florence infants were
nurtured. Contributors: Frederik Buylaert, Christine Carpenter,
Vincent Challet, Juliana Dresvina, Jan Dumolyn, Andy King, Jessica
Lutkin, Alessia Meneghin, Sarah Rose
The political union between England and Gascony or Aquitaine lasted
from the early thirteenth century until 1453, and the long series
of Gascon Rolls in the National Archives record some of the
business of Aquitaine during the union. These are currently being
calendared, and this volume reflects some of the research which
resulted, both on the administration and record production of the
Anglo-Gascon officials, and the English government of the region.
This volumecontainsa selectionofthe the paperspresentedatthe
17thInter- tional Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and
Transformation, that was held in KongensLyngby, Denmark, August
23-24,2007. Previous LOPSTR symposia were held in Venice (2007 and
1999), London (2005 and 2000), Verona (2004), Uppsala (2003),
Madrid (2002), Paphos (2001), Manchester (1998, 1992 and 1991),
Leuven (1997), Stockholm (1996), Arhhem (1995), Pisa (1994) and
Louvain-la-Neuve (1993). The aim of the LOPSTR series is to
stimulate and promote international research and collaboration on
logic-based program development. LOPSTR thus traditionally solicits
papers in the areas of: speci?cation, synthesis, veri?cation,
transformation, analysis, optimization, composition, security,
reuse, applications andtools, component-basedsoftwaredevelopment,
softwarearchitectures, age- based software development and program
re?nement. Formal proceedings are produced only after the
symposium, so that authors can incorporate this fe- back in the
published papers. Thirty submissions were received and each - per,
in turn, received at least three reviews. The Committee decided to
accept seven full papers for presentation and for immediate
inclusion in the ?nal po- conference proceedings. Nine extended
abstracts were also selected for pres- tation, of which six papers
were accepted for publication in this volume, after revision and
another round of reviewing. Michael Codish contributed a paper to
the proceedings to accompany his invited talk. I am very grateful
to the Program Committee and the reviewers for their - valuable
help and expertise. The Steering Committee and, in particular
German Puebla, generouslysharedtheirexper
The fourteenth century was, for the English, a century which
witnessed dramatic and not always easily explicable changes of
fortune. In 1300, England's population was around seven million,
and Edward I seemed to be on the verge of turning the British Isles
into an English Empire. By 1400, its population was between three
and four million (due mainly to the Black Death), dreams of a
'British' empire had all but crumbled, and instead England had
become embroiled in a war - the Hundred Years' War - which was not
only ultimately disastrous, but which also established the French
as the 'national enemy' for many centuries to come. In addition,
despite the fact that before 1300 no reigning English monarch had
ever been deposed, by 1400 two had: Edward II in 1327, and Richard
II in 1399. Sandwiched between these two turbulent reigns, however,
came that of Edward III, one of the most successful, both
politically and militarily, in English history. It is against the
background of these remarkable fluctuations that the articles in
this volume, the second in the Fourteenth Century England series,
have been written. The range of subjects which they cover is wide:
from princely education to popular heresy, from national propaganda
to the familial and territorial power politics which occasioned the
downfall of kings. Taken together, they reinforce the view that,
whether viewed as calamitous or heroic, the fourteenth century was
never less than interesting.CHRIS GIVEN-WILSON is Professor of Late
Medieval History, University of St Andrews. Contributors: MARTIN
ALLEN, JOHN ARNOLD, PAULETTE BARTON, TOM BEAUMONT-JAMES, ALASTAIR
DUNN, JEFFREY HAMILTON, JILL C. HAVENS, ANDY KING, CARLA LORD,
SHELAGHMITCHELL, MICHAEL PRESTWICH, ARND REITMEIER, NIGEL SAUL.
Special edition of a volume which has become the leading forum for
debate on aspects of medieval warfare, looking at warfare in the
fifteenth century. The articles in this volume focus on the
fifteenth century. Several draw on the substantial archives of the
Burgundian polity, focusing particularly on the Flemish shooting
guilds, spying, and the provision of troops by towns. Theurban
emphasis continues with a study of the transition from
"traditional" artillery to gunpowder weaponry in Southampton, and a
comparison of descriptions of military engagements in the London
Chronicles and in Swiss town chronicles. Welsh chronicling of the
battle of Edgecote (1469) is also reviewed, and there is a
re-assessment of Welsh involvement in the Agincourt campaign.
English interests in France are pursued in two further papers, one
consideringthe personnel of the ordnance companies in Lancastrian
Normandy and the other examining the little-known French attacks on
Gascony in the early years of the fifteenth century. Contributors:
Frederik Buylaert, Jan Van Camp, Bert Verwerft, Adam Chapman, Laura
Crombie, Andy King, Barry Lewis, Randall Moffett, Guilhem Pepin,
Andreas Rémy, Bastian Walter
Exciting fresh perspectives on Edward I as man, king and
administrator. The reign of Edward I was one of the most important
of medieval England, but the king's activities and achievements
have not always received the full attention they deserve. The
essays collected here offer fresh insights into Edward's own
personality as well as developments in law, governance, war and
culture. Edward the man emerges in chapters on his early life, his
piety and his family, while the administrator king is discussed in
evaluations of his twogreat ministers, his handling of the crucial
issue of law and order and the way he managed the realm from abroad
through his correspondence. Edward's nobles, both in England and
Scotland, naturally appear as vital to understanding the reign,
while his rule is set in a British and European context. Overall,
the book aims to move the debate on the reign beyond K.B.
McFarlane's hugely influential judgement that "Edward I preferred
masterfulness to the arts of political management", by highlighting
his skills -- and failings -- as a politician and manager.
Text and facing translation of one of the most important chronicles
of medieval England. In 1355, Sir Thomas Gray, a Northumbrian
knight and constable of Norham castle, was ambushed and captured by
the Scots. Imprisoned in Edinburgh castle, he whiled away the hours
by writing a chronicle charting the history of Britain from the
Creation. The bulk of the work, written in Anglo-Norman French, is
based on existing sources. However, for the section from the reign
of Edward I onwards - the portion edited here - Gray relied partly
on his own memories, and the stories told him by his father
(constable of Norham before him), relating their experiences in the
Scottish and French wars. The first known historical work to have
been written in England by a member of the lay nobility since the
Conquest, the Scalacronica provides a unique perspective on the
course of English politics in the fourteenth century, and an
insight into the worldview of a militarily active member of
England's governing class.It is a vital source for all those
interested in the history of the period. The text, with facing-page
translation, has been newly edited from the sole surviving
manuscript of the Scalacronica; the volume includes extensive
historical notes; and an introduction describing the careers of
Thomas Gray and his father, and the written sources used in the
compilation of this part of the work.
The Hundred Years War was a struggle for control over the French
throne, fought as a series of conflicts between England, France,
and their respective allies. The Soldier in Later Medieval England
is the outcome of a project which collects the names of every
soldier known to have served the English Crown from 1369 to the
loss of Gascony in 1453, the event which is traditionally accepted
as the end-date of the Hundred Years War. The data gathered
throughout the project has allowed the authors of this volume to
compare different forms of war, such as the chevauchees of the late
fourteenth century and the occupation of French territories in the
fifteenth century, and thus to identify longer-term trends. It also
highlights the significance of the change of dynasty in England in
the early 1400s. The scope of the volume begins in 1369 because of
the survival from that point of the 'muster roll', a type of
documentary record in which soldiers names are systematically
recorded. The muster roll is a rich resource for the historian, as
it allows closer study to be made of the peerage, the knights, the
men-at-arms (the esquires), and especially the lower ranks of the
army, such as the archers, who contributed the largest proportion
of troops to English royal service. The Soldier in Later Medieval
England seeks to investigate the different types of soldier, their
regional and national origins, and movement between ranks. This is
a wide-ranging volume, which offers invaluable insights into a
much-neglected subject, and presents many opportunities for future
research.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International
Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming, FLOPS 2016, held in
Kochi, Japan, in March 2016. The 14 papers presented in this volume
were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. They
cover the following topics: functional and logic programming;
program transformation and re-writing; and extracting programs from
proofs of their correctness.
The medieval development of the distinct region of north-east
England explored through close examination of landscape, religion
and history. The recent surge of interest in the political,
ecclesiastical, social and economic history of north-eastern
England is reflected in the essays in this volume. The topics
covered range widely, including the development of both rural and
urban life and institutions. There are contributions on the
well-known richness of Durham cathedral muniments, its priory and
bishopric, and there is also a particular focus on the institutions
and practices which evolved to deal with Scottish border problems.
A number of papers broach lesser-known subjects which accordingly
offer new territory for exploration, among them the distinctive
characteristics of local jurisdiction in the northern counties, the
formation of north-eastern landscapes, the course of agrarian
development in the region and the emergence of a northern gentry
class alongside the better known ecclesiastical and lay magnates.
CHRISTIAN D. LIDDY is Lecturer in History at the University of
Durham, where R.H. BRITNELL is Emeritus Professor.
Biennial volumes of new research on an eventful century coloured by
the Plantagenet dynasty. The fourteenth century is one of the most
turbulent and compelling periods of English history, reflected in
the vitality of the current scholarship devoted to it. This new
series provides a forum for the most recent research intothe
political, social, and ecclesiastical history of the century, and
complements earlier series from Boydell & Brewer, Anglo-Norman
Studies and Thirteenth Century England, which taken together offer
a complete overview of debate on the middle ages. The substantial
and significant studies in this volume have a particular focus on
political history, including examinations of Edward II's charter
witness lists and the consolidation of HenryIV's power in his early
years; other topics include the Black Death and law-making,
castle-building and memorials, war and chivalry in the
Scalacronica, and architecture in the courts of Edward III and
Charles V of France. Contributors: JEFFREY HAMILTON, ANDY KING, ROY
M. HAINES, ANTHONY MUSSON, GLORIA J. BETCHER, CYNTHIA J. NEVILLE,
CHRISTOPHER PHILPOTTS, CHARLES COULSON, MARY WHITELEY, NICHOLAS
ROGERS, LYNDA DENNISON, DOUGLAS BIGGS NIGEL SAUL is Professor of
Medieval History, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College,
University of London.
The annual volume of new work on all aspects of the fourteenth
century, including England's overseas interests, from English and
American scholars. New research on aspects of the politics and
culture of fourteenth-century England includes close studies of
political events such as the quarrel of Edward II and Thomas of
Lancaster and Bishop Despenser's Crusade, fresh considerations of
the political and cultural context of English royal tombs and the
Wilton Diptych, a number of important analyses of regional politics
and regional culture in Bristol, East Anglia and Winchester - all
with implications forthe bigger picture - and a discussion of late
medieval French attitudes to the deposition of Richard II; that and
studies of the war with France and the Bishop of Norwich's attack
on Flanders carry the focus beyond the shores ofEngland.
Contributors: MARK ARVANIGIAN, JANE BEAL, KELLY DEVRIES, ALASTAIR
DUNN, DAVID GREEN, ANDY KING, CHRISTIAN D. LIDDY, LISA MONNA,
ANTHONY MUSSON, MARK PAGE, DAVID M. PALLISER, CRAIG D. TAYLOR, KRIS
TOWSON,
Studies on the cultural, social, political and economic history of
the age. This collection presents new and original research on the
long thirteenth century, from c.1180-c.1330, including England's
relations with Wales and Ireland. The range of topics embraces
royal authority and its assertion and limitation, the great royal
inquests and judicial reform of the reign of Edward I, royal
manipulation of noble families, weakening royal administration at
the end of the century, sex and love in the upper levels of
society, monastic/layrelations, and the administration of building
projects. Contributors: RUTH BLAKELY, NICOLA COLDSTREAM, BETH
HARTLAND, CHARLES INSLEY, ANDY KING, SAMANTHA LETTERS, JOHN
MADDICOTT, MARC MORRIS, ANTHONY MUSSON, DAVIDA. POSTLES, MICHAEL
PRESTWICH, SANDRA G. RABAN, BJORN WEILER, JOCELYN WOGAN-BROWNE,
ROBERT WRIGHT. THE EDITORS are all in the Department of History,
University of Durham.
Were the English and the Scots always at loggerheads in the
fourteenth century? The essays here offer a more nuanced picture.
Typical accounts of Anglo-Scottish relations over the whole
fourteenth century tends to present a sustained period of bitter
enmity, described routinely by stock-phrases such as "endemic
warfare", and typified by battles such as Bannockburn (1314),
Neville's Cross (1346) or Otterburn (1388), border-raiding and the
capture of James I of Scotland by English pirates in 1406. However,
as this collection shows, the situation was far more complex.
Drawing together new perspectives from new and leading researchers,
the essays investigate the great complexity of Anglo-Scottish
tensions in this most momentous of centuries and in doing so often
reveal a far more ambivalent and at times evena peaceful and
productive Anglo-Scottish dynamic. The topics treated include
military campaigns and ethos; the development of artillery; the
leading "Disinherited" Anglo-Scot, Edward Balliol; Scots in English
allegiance and BorderSociety; religious patronage; Papal relations;
the effect of dealings with Scotland on England's government and
parliament; identity, ethnicity and otherness; and shared values
and acculturation. Contributors: AMANDA BEAM, MICHAEL BROWN, DAVID
CALDWELL, GWILYM DODD, ANTHONY GOODMAN, ANDY KING, SARAH LAYFIELD,
IAIN MACINNES, RICHARD ORAM, MICHAEL PENMAN, ANDREA RUDDICK, DAVID
SIMPKIN.
The acclaimed Penguin Monarchs series: short, fresh, expert
accounts of England's rulers - now in paperback Edward I
(1272-1307) is one of the most commanding of all English rulers. He
fought in southwest France, in Wales, In Scotland and in northern
France, he ruled with ruthlessness and confidence, undoing the
chaotic failure of his father, Henry III's reign. He reshaped
England's legal system and came close to bringing the whole island
of Great Britain under his rule. He promoted the idea of himself as
the new King Arthur, his Round Table still hanging in Winchester
Castle to this day. His greatest monuments are the extraordinary
castles - Caernarfon, Beaumaris, Harlech and Conwy - built to
ensure his rule of Wales and some of the largest of all medieval
buildings. Andy King's brilliant short biography brings to life a
strange, complex man whose triumphs raise all kinds of questions
about the nature of kingship - how could someone who established so
many key elements in England's unique legal and parliamentary
system also have been such a harsh, militarily brutal warrior?
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