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The Travaux Preparatoires of the Crime of Aggression contains a
complete documentation of the fifteen years of negotiations which
led up to the historic adoption of the amendments to the Rome
Statute of the International Criminal Court at the 2010 Review
Conference in Kampala. Arranged chronologically, it includes all
relevant official Chairman's drafts, non-papers, country proposals,
meeting reports and summary records, as well as selected
unpublished materials and transcripts from the dramatic
negotiations at the Review Conference. Three introductory articles,
each written from the perspective of an insider, put the Kampala
compromise into context and explore the amendments on the crime of
aggression, their negotiation history and the intentions of the
drafters.
The 2010 Kampala Amendments to the Rome Statute empowered the
International Criminal Court to prosecute the 'supreme crime' under
international law: the crime of aggression. This landmark
commentary provides the first analysis of the history, theory,
legal interpretation and future of the crime of aggression. As well
as explaining the positions of the main actors in the negotiations,
the authoritative team of leading scholars and practitioners set
out exactly how countries have themselves criminalized illegal
war-making in domestic law and practice. In light of the
anticipated activation of the Court's jurisdiction over this crime
in 2017, this work offers, over two volumes, a comprehensive legal
analysis of how to understand the material and mental elements of
the crime of aggression as defined at Kampala. Alongside The
Travaux Preparatoires of the Crime of Aggression (Cambridge, 2011),
this commentary provides the definitive resource for anyone
concerned with the illegal use of force.
The Travaux Preparatoires of the Crime of Aggression contains a
complete documentation of the fifteen years of negotiations which
led up to the historic adoption of the amendments to the Rome
Statute of the International Criminal Court at the 2010 Review
Conference in Kampala. Arranged chronologically, it includes all
relevant official Chairman's drafts, non-papers, country proposals,
meeting reports and summary records, as well as selected
unpublished materials and transcripts from the dramatic
negotiations at the Review Conference. Three introductory articles,
each written from the perspective of an insider, put the Kampala
compromise into context and explore the amendments on the crime of
aggression, their negotiation history and the intentions of the
drafters.
Necessity and proportionality hold a firm place in the
international law governing the use of force by states, as well as
in the law of armed conflict. However, the precise contours of
these two requirements are uncertain and controversial. The aim of
Necessity and Proportionality in International Peace and Security
Law is to explore how necessity and proportionality manifest
themselves in the modern world under the law governing the use of
force and the law of armed conflict, and how they relate to each
other. The book explores the ways in which necessity and
proportionality are applied in practice and addresses pressing
legal issues in the law on the use of force, including the
controversial "unwilling and unable" test for the use of force in
self-defense, drones and targeted killing, the application of this
legal regime during civil war, and the need for further
transparency in states' justification for the use of force in
self-defense. The analysis of the role of military necessity within
the law of armed conflict on the modern battlefield focuses on the
history and nature of the principle of military necessity, the
proper application of the principle of proportionality, how
commanders should account for mental harm in calculating
proportionality, and the role artificial intelligence and
autonomous weapons systems may play in proportionality analysis.
The book concludes with a discussion of the potential role of
proportionality in the law governing post-conflict contexts.
The Cologne Occasional Papers on International Peace and Security
Law cover essays, studies and expert's reports on current public
international law issues. The series is edited by Claus Kress
Die Cologne Occasional Papers on International Peace and Security
Law sind kleinere Monografien und Gutachten zu aktuellen
friedenssicherungsrechtlichen Fragestellungen. Sie werden
herausgegeben von Claus Kress, Direktor des Institute for
International Peace and Security Law der Universitat zu Koln
Das Volkerstrafrecht darf heute in seinem Kernbereich als
akzeptiert gelten: Volkermord, Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit
und Kriegsverbrechen werden von der internationalen Gemeinschaft
als solche gebrandmarkt und diejenigen, die solche Verbrechen
befohlen, gesteuert oder ausgefuhrt haben, zumindest teilweise zur
Verantwortung gezogen. Doch wie gross ist der Kreis der
Beteiligten, deren volkerstraftatfordernde Handlungen bislang noch
nicht in das Blickfeld der Offentlichkeit geraten sind? Wann machen
sich beispielsweise Mitarbeiter eines Kriegswaffen produzierenden
Unternehmens, eines Rohstoffe in einem Krisengebiet fordernden
Konzerns oder die Berater und Assistenten der Befehlshabenden
volkerrechtlich strafbar? Die Autorin versucht diese Fragen anhand
einer Aufarbeitung insbesondere der Nurnberger Wirtschaftsverfahren
und der Judikatur der beiden Ad hoc-Tribunale, eines funktionalen
Mikrovergleichs des deutschen und des angloamerikanischen
Teilnahmerechts sowie der rechtstheoretischen Begrundung der
Beihilfestrafbarkeit zu beantworten. Vor diesem Hintergrund legt
sie die Teilnahmevorschriften der Artikel 25(3)(c) und (d)
IStGH-Statut im Detail aus, wobei sie insbesondere aufzeigt, dass
die volkerstrafrechtliche Beihilfe auch unter dem Rom-Statut keine
Forderungsabsicht im Sinne eines dolus directus ersten Grades
erfordert. Im Ergebnis pladiert die Autorin dafur,
volkerstraftatfordernde Handlungen auch im Bereich des
Wirtschaftslebens dezidiert zu verfolgen, sofern der Handelnde ein
tatspezifisches Risiko schafft und fur diese Risikobegrundung die
Verantwortung tragt. Letzteres ist innerhalb eines Unternehmens der
Fall, wenn er hierfur nach der innerorganisatorischen
Kompetenzordnung aufgrund seiner Position und Funktion zustandig
ist. Diese Arbeit wurde mit dem CBH-Dissertationspreis 2013 der
Universitat zu Koln ausgezeichnet
Die Cologne Occasional Papers on International Peace and Security
Law sind kleinere Monografien und Gutachten zu aktuellen
friedenssicherungsrechtlichen Fragestellungen. Sie werden
herausgegeben von Claus Kress, Direktor des Institute for
International Peace and Security Law der Universitat zu Koln
The 20th century was influenced profoundly by the experience of two
world wars. It was also characterized, however, by the attempt to
replace armed conflict with non-violent conflict management. As the
United Nations Charter preamble declares: The "People of the United
Nations are determined to save succeeding generations from the
scourge of war." International law and international institutions
have made considerable progress toward this goal, but the world is
still a long way from effectively banning major organized violence
between or within states. Current governance theories are grappling
with the reality of today's complex international relations. What
lessons do these theories hold for overcoming violent conflict?
What do theories about global governance tell us about
international public authority? Is such an authority desirable at
all? What would the ideal international society look like from the
perspective of global governance theory? What is the role of law,
authority, and international institutions in realizing the ideal?
The aim of this book is to offer an interdisciplinary debate on
these normative responses to the problem of war: law, authority,
governance, and constitution.
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