Mass incarceration and lower crime rates have not made city dwellers feel safe. Programs designed to deal with this problem focus on increased police protection. In this study, Lewis and Salem question the validity of these assumptions and the effectiveness of this approach. Their five-year investigation challenged theories that focused only on the psychological responses to victimization and failed to take into account the social and political environments within which such fears are created. From a "social control" perspective which informs their research and analysis, the authors examined the fear of crime in ten neighbourhoods in Chicago, San Francisco, and Philadelphia which represent the range of communities typically found in urban areas. The authors contend that fear of crime is not related to exposure or knowledge about criminal events alone, but also stems from residents' concerns about changes in their neighbourhoods. Many people, they argue, are afraid of crime because they believe that they have lost control over their local communities. Their conclusions remain as valid as when this book was first published in 1986. Lewis and Salem consider ways to restore the control that community residents feel they have lost and consider the possibilities for a more equitable distribution of security in urban areas.

Ensure you have the job-ready writing and communication skills that today's employers demand with Guffey/Loewy's ESSENTIALS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION, 12E. This market-leading text and its online study tools help you develop the professional and communication skills that employers seek, including writing, speaking, critical thinking and teamwork. Updated employment chapters offer insights into a labor market that is more competitive and dependent on technology than ever before. The latest trends, technologies and practices, based on interviews with practitioners and the research of thousands of articles and blogs emphasize transferable professional skills. Timely advice guides you through building your brand, searching for a job, writing a winning resume, interviewing effectively and using LinkedIn. Optional editing challenges and grammar reviews and a complete grammar guide at the end of the book help you improve critical language skills. MindTap online study tools let you further refine your communication abilities.

Interested in making your skills future-ready and recession-proof? Guffey/Loewy's best-selling BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: PROCESS AND PRODUCT, 10E, can help. This leading text and MindTap digital resources guide you in developing the communication competencies most important for professional success in today's hyper-connected digital age. Refine the skills that employers value most, such as superior writing, speaking, presentation, critical thinking and teamwork skills. Two updated employment chapters offer tips for a labor market that is more competitive, mobile and technology-driven than ever before. Based on interviews with successful practitioners and extensive research into the latest trends, technologies and practices, this edition offers synthesized advice on building your personal brand, using LinkedIn effectively and resume writing. A signature 3-x-3 writing process, meaningful assignments and digital practice tools further equip you with the communication skills to stand out in business today.

Strengthen your business communication skills with the streamlined presentation and unparalleled learning resources found only in the award-winning ESSENTIALS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION, 10E. This unique four-in-one learning package includes an authoritative text, practical workbook, grammar/mechanics handbook at the end of the book, and premium Web site (access code is included with new copies of the text). You'll learn basic writing skills and then apply these skills to a variety of e-mails, memos, letters, reports, and resumes. Realistic, updated model documents and new exercises and activities introduce the latest business communication practices. Extraordinary exercises help you build confidence as you review grammar, punctuation, and writing guidelines. You'll find increased coverage of professional social media communication, electronic messages and digital media. Please note that the Premium Website access code is included in new copies of the text. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items.

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In 1997, then state Senator Barack Obama sponsored legislation in the Illinois General Assembly to study the newly passed federal welfare reform and how it would affect the citizens of Illinois. He believed that a sound piece of research assessing how the new law affected the poor of Illinois would give lawmakers a way to come together and improve the law and the lives of the poor. In the highly charged times of the 1990s when ideology often trumped pragmatism, the assumptions and values of policy makers often shaped their work much to the detriment of those affected by the policies. Dan A. Lewis was selected to direct the study and report back to the legislature. For four years, Lewis and his team of researchers tracked a random group of 1,000 people who were on welfare when the new law went into effect. He reported on their income, their general well being, and the lives of their children under the new system. Gaining Ground in Illinois illuminates the findings of the study and offers advice for future policy makers. Lewis uses quantitative and qualitative data to draw clear conclusions but also to make the real experiences of the people he studied as vivid as possible. The reports allowed the legislature to debate the issue with the facts at hand. Lewis seeks a middle ground to give us a picture of how welfare reform affected the poor and to give policy makers some direction in how to improve the lives of the poor moving forward. As the current economic crisis leads to more discussion of public aid and entitlements, Lewis' work offers a starting point for the discussion about the welfare of the people of Illinois. This study will be of interest to sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, and policy makers who are concerned with the welfare of the poor and are looking for new directions in social policy that move beyond the tired debates of the last generation.

Let BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: PROCESS AND PRODUCT, 9E prepare you for success in today's digital workplace. This leading textbook and vast digital resources help you develop the communication competencies that employers value most, such as superior writing, speaking, presentation, critical thinking, and teamwork skills. Two thoroughly updated employment chapters offer tips to prepare you for a labor market that is more competitive, more mobile, and more dependent on technology than ever before. Authors Mary Ellen Guffey and Dana Loewy have interviewed practitioners as well as researched hundreds of articles and blogs to capture the latest trends, technologies, and practices for the most up-to-date advice on how to ace the job search, resumes, cover letters, interviews, and follow-up activities. Optional grammar reviews in each chapter, including a complete grammar guide in the end-of-book appendix, help you improve critical English language skills.

Most studies of fear of crime assume that is rimarily induced by direct or indirect contact with a criminal event. Consequently programs designed to deal with this problem focus on either increased police protection or a number of crime prevention programs. In this study, Dan A. Lewis and Greta W. Salem raise questions both about the validity of these assumptions and the effectiveness of the programs. A five-year investigation has led the authors to challenge those theories that focus only on the psychological responses to victimizations and fail to take into account the social and political environments within which such fears are shaped and nurtured.

Explicitly laying out a "social control" perspective which informs their research and analysis, the authors examine the fear of crime in ten neighorhoods in Chicago, San Francisco, and Philadelphia which represent the range of communities typically found in urban areas. On the basis of their analysis the authors contend that fear of crime is not related to exposure or knowledge about criminal events alone but also stems from residents' concerns about broad changes taking place in their neighborhoods. Many people, they argue, are afraid not only because crime occurs but also because they believe that they have lost control over the environment in which they live.

Lewis and Salem conclude that the eradication of fear of crime requires strategies that move beyond the traditional crime prevention programs to consider ways to restore the control that community residents feel they have lost and the possibilities for a more equitable distribution of security in urban areas.