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Artifacts linked to projectile technologies traditionally have
provided the foundations for time-space systematics and
cultural-historic frameworks in archaeological research having to
do with foragers. With the shift in archae ological research
objectives to processual interpretations, projectile technolo gies
continue to receive marked attention, but with an emphasis on the
implications of variability in such areas as design, function, and
material as they relate to the broader questions of human
adaptation. The reason that this particular domain of foraging
technology persists as an important focus of research, I think,
comes in three parts. A projectile technology was a crucial part of
most foragers' strategies for survival, it was functionally spe
cific, and it generally was fabricated from durable materials
likely to be detected archaeologically. Being fundamental to meat
acquisition and the principal source of calo ries, projectile
technologies were typically afforded greater time-investment,
formal modification, and elaboration of attributes than others.
Moreover, such technologies tend to display greater standardization
because of con straints on size, morphology, and weight that are
inherent to the delivery system. The elaboration of attributes and
standardization of form gives pro jectile technologies time-and
space-sensitivity that is greater than most other foraging
technologies. And such sensitivity is immensely valuable in archae
ological research."
Offering the most comprehensive study of southern Jordan, this
illuminating account presents detailed data from over a hundred
archaeological sites stretching from the Lower Paleotlithic to the
Chalcolithic periods. The author uses archaeological and
paleoenvironmental evidence to reconstruct synchronic and
evolutionary aspects of the cultural ecology of the prehistoric
inhabitants of southern Jordan. This study exemplifies that
cultural historic and processual approaches are integral to
examining prehistoric cultural ecology. Numerous artifact
illustrations as well as tables and appendixes containing primary
data are included.
Offering the most comprehensive study of southern Jordan, this
illuminating account presents detailed data from over a hundred
archaeological sites stretching from the Lower Paleotlithic to the
Chalcolithic periods. The author uses archaeological and
paleoenvironmental evidence to reconstruct synchronic and
evolutionary aspects of the cultural ecology of the prehistoric
inhabitants of southern Jordan. This study exemplifies that
cultural historic and processual approaches are integral to
examining prehistoric cultural ecology. Numerous artifact
illustrations as well as tables and appendixes containing primary
data are included.
Artifacts linked to projectile technologies traditionally have
provided the foundations for time-space systematics and
cultural-historic frameworks in archaeological research having to
do with foragers. With the shift in archae ological research
objectives to processual interpretations, projectile technolo gies
continue to receive marked attention, but with an emphasis on the
implications of variability in such areas as design, function, and
material as they relate to the broader questions of human
adaptation. The reason that this particular domain of foraging
technology persists as an important focus of research, I think,
comes in three parts. A projectile technology was a crucial part of
most foragers' strategies for survival, it was functionally spe
cific, and it generally was fabricated from durable materials
likely to be detected archaeologically. Being fundamental to meat
acquisition and the principal source of calo ries, projectile
technologies were typically afforded greater time-investment,
formal modification, and elaboration of attributes than others.
Moreover, such technologies tend to display greater standardization
because of con straints on size, morphology, and weight that are
inherent to the delivery system. The elaboration of attributes and
standardization of form gives pro jectile technologies time-and
space-sensitivity that is greater than most other foraging
technologies. And such sensitivity is immensely valuable in archae
ological research.
This significant contribution to scholarship on the Middle
Paleolithic, now reissued with a new preface, traces the
controversy that revolves around the bio-cultural relationships of
Archaic (Neanderthal) and Modern humans at global and regional,
Levantine scales. The focus of the book is on understanding the
degree to which the behavioral organization of Archaic groups
differed from Moderns. To this end, a case study is presented for a
44-70,000 year old, Middle Paleolithic occupation of a Jordanian
rockshelter. The research, centering on the spatial analysis of
artifacts, hearths and related data, reveals how the Archaic
occupants of the shelter structured their activities and placed
certain conceptual labels on different parts of the site. The
structure of Tor Faraj is compared to site structures defined for
modern foragers, in both ethnographic and archaeological contexts,
to measure any differences in behavioral organization. The
comparisons show very similar structures for Tor Faraj and its
modern cohorts, and the implications of this finding challenge
prevailing views that Archaic groups had inferior cognition and
less complex behavioral-social organization than modern foragers.
The study also calls into question the contention that such
behaviors only emerged after the appearance of the Upper
Paleolithic, dated some 10-20,000 years later than the occupation
of Tor Faraj.
Thirteen papers providing a comprehensive review of Jordanian
prehistory, from the Lower Paleolithic to the Late Neolithic. Many
come from recently completed research projects, prior to their
final publication: The Lower Paleolithic ( Corraine Copeland ); The
Middle Paleolithic ( Donald O. Henry ); The Early and Middle
Epipaleolithic ( Brian F. Byrd ); The Natfian ( Jonathan R. Sellars
); The Aceramic Neolithic ( Gary O. Rollefson ); The Late Neolithic
( Zeidan Kafafi ); The Azraq Basin 24,000-7,000BP ( Andrew N.
Garrard ); Northeastern Badia ( Alison V. G. Betts ); A view from
the west ( Ofer Bar-Yosef ); The Arabian Peninsula ( Juris Zarius
); The Paleolithic and Neolithic of Syria ( Yoshihiro Nishiaki ).
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