In Aryans, Jews, Brahmins, Dorothy M. Figueira provides a fascinating account of the construction of the Aryan myth and its uses in both India and Europe from the Enlightenment to the twentieth century. The myth concerns a race that inhabits a utopian past and gives rise first to Brahmin Indian culture and then to European culture. In India, notions of the Aryan were used to develop a national identity under colonialism, one that allowed Indian elites to identify with their British rulers. It also allowed non-elites to set up a counter identity critical of their position in the caste system. In Europe, the Aryan myth provided certain thinkers with an origin story that could compete with the Biblical one and could be used to diminish the importance of the West's Jewish heritage. European racial hygienists made much of the myth of a pure Aryan race, and the Nazis later looked at India as a cautionary tale of what could happen if a nation did not remain "pure."

This volume stems from the understanding that historiographical analyses of the Gita's reception overlook the element of its translation. It begins with this recognition and posits translation as fundamental to any understanding of the Gita's reception. It examines in depth and compares how translations of the Gita do not seek the same aims in all places and at all times and recognizes that translation theories and methodologies are not uniform across nations and eras. Therefore, this volume looks at insolites (unusual, strange) readings of the Gita and how they seek to fill the hermeneutical gap between readings tied to its canonical and scriptural status and those that are distant from the text's tradition.