THE PIONEER H I SJT EDITED BY V. T. HARLOW, M. A., AND J. A. WILLIAMSON, D. LIT. THE PORTUGUESE PIONEERS THE PORTUGUESE PIONEERS BY EDGAR PRESTAGE M. A., D. LITT., F. R. H. S., F. R. O. S. CAMOEKS PROFESSOR OF PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON A. C. BLACK LTD 4, 5 6 SO HO SQUARE LONDON W. i 933 EDITORS PREFACE TO THE SERIES r HE Pioneer Histories are intended to provide J broad surveys of the great migrations of European peoples for purposes of trade, conquest and settle m ent into the non-European continents. They aim at describing a racial expansion which has created the complex world of to-day, so nationalistic in its instincts, so internationalised in its relationships. International affairs now claim the attention of every intelligent citizen, and prpblems of world-wide extent affect the security and livelihood of us all. He who would grasp their meaning and form sound judgements must look into the past for the foundations of the present, and, abandoning a local for a universal per spective, must take for his study the history of a world invaded by European ideas. It was less so in the days before the Great War, Then the emphasis was upon Europe itself upon such questions as that of Frances eastern frontier inherited from Richelieu and Louis XIV, the militarism of Germany derived from Frederick the Great, and the Balkan entanglement which originated with the medieval migrations of Slavonic peoples and with the Turkish conquests of the fourteenth century. Now the prospect is wider, for these ancient domestic difficulties in modern form cannot properly be estimated except by correlation with the problems of a Europeanised outer world. EDITORSPREFACE TO THE SERIES The Orient is in ferment and Asiatic difficulties com pel the attention of Geneva because long ago the Portu guese, followed by the Dutch and the English, rounded the Cape and came to India. For the same reason, Africa is no longer an unknown continent but a vast area in which civilised enterprise demands direction and control Knowledge of the process by which North America was discovered and gradually filled with Euro peans is the necessary basis for an understanding of the modern reactions upon each other of the new continent and the old. In South America the same process is to be seen at work, though incomplete while Nature is yet unsubdued. Similarly, it may be appreciated how the search for an unknown but credited continent lying about the South Pole has helped to shift the centre of gravity to the Pacific, and has created a white Australasia. The present series will show how the per manent factors in these great regions first presented themselves to European minds and how achievements were then effected which have governed all subsequent relationships. But if the subject has this interest for students of affairs, it has also its appeal to those who dwell most on individual character, courage and ingenuity. Movements are made by men, and in these stories of European expansion are to be met men worth knowing, whose deeds carry inspiration for this generation as for all others. Each volume takes for its subject the history of an important movement and, while related to others in the series, is thus complete in itself. The authors whose co-operation we have been fortunate to secure have all had experience of research in the original evidence pertaining to theirsubjects, and in their contributions VI EDITORS PREFACE TO THE SERIES to this series they give the results of that research in narratives which should appeal to the general reader. Each book is designed to embody the most recent in formation available, and some will be found to deal with subjects of which no full treatment has hitherto been accessible in English. v. T. HARLOW J. A. WILLIAMSON vn INTRODUCTION r JJ HE geographical position of Portugal invited her JL to become a maritime power, but with a popula tion of only one and a...

Originally published between 1920-70, The History of Civilization was a landmark in early twentieth century publishing. It was published at a formative time within the social sciences, and during a period of decisive historical discovery. The aim of the general editor, C.K. Ogden, was to summarize the most up-to-date findings and theories of historians, anthropologists, archaeologists and sociologists. This reprinted material is available as a set or in the following groupings: * Prehistory and Historical Ethnography Set of 12: 0-415-15611-4: GBP800.00 * Greek Civilization Set of 7: 0-415-15612-2: GBP450.00 * Roman Civilization Set of 6: 0-415-15613-0: GBP400.00 * Eastern Civilizations Set of 10: 0-415-15614-9: GBP650.00 * Judaeo-Christian Civilization Set of 4: 0-415-15615-7: GBP250.00 * European Civilization Set of 11: 0-415-15616-5: GBP700.00

This volume, intended for the general reader, throws a flood of light on that very characteristic feature of the Middle Ages, the institution of Chivalry. The first chapter deals with the place of chivalry in history, showing its effects and influences. Subsequent chapters show its earliest beginnings and its nature in France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, etc. Among other subjects dealt with are the Courtesy books and the romances of Chivalry and the idea of a gentleman in connection with Chivalry. The whole forms an introduction to students in a field that has been greatly neglected in recent years.

Originally published between 1920-70, the "History of Civilization" was published at a formative time within the social sciences, and during a period of decisive historical discovery. The aim of the general editor, C.K. Ogden, was to summarize the most up to date findings and theories of historians, anthropologists, archaeologists and sociologists. This reprinted material is available as a set or in the following groupings: "Prehistory and Historical Ethnography" set of 12 (0-415-15611-4, u800); "Greek Civilization" set of 7 (0-415-15612-2, u450); "Roman Civilization" set of 6 (0-415-15613-0, u400); "Eastern Civilizations" set of 10 (0-415-15614-9, u650); "Judaeo-Christian Civilization" set of 4 (0-415-15615-7, u250); "European Civilization" set of 11 (0-415-15616-5, u700).

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Gomes Eanes de Zurara (c.1410 1474) was a Portuguese writer appointed to chronicle the life of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 1460) and the expeditions he sponsored. Zurara's chronicle of the discovery of Guinea appeared in this two-volume English translation in 1896 1899. The editors' preface includes an account of the voyages of exploration along the African coast sponsored by Prince Henry until 1448, together with biographical information about the author. Volume 2 contains chapters 41 97 of the Chronicle.

Originally published in 1938, this bibliography was compiled by the historian and Portuguese scholar Edgar Prestage (1869-1951). The documents described all relate to the 'political, military, and diplomatic aims and action of Portugal during the period from the death of Charles II of Spain to the Peace Treaties of 1713 and 1715 with France and Spain'. The appendices section contains extracts from six documents. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Portuguese and Spanish history.

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Gomes Eanes de Zurara (c.1410-1474) was a Portuguese writer appointed to chronicle the life of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) and the expeditions he sponsored. Zurara's chronicle of the discovery of Guinea appeared in this two-volume English translation in 1896-1899. The editors' preface includes an account of the voyages of exploration along the African coast sponsored by Prince Henry until 1448, together with biographical information about the author. Volume 1 contains chapters 1-40 of the Chronicle.