Since different diseases and their associated pathogens became more resistant to the diverse drugs that have been synthesized or isolated from nature, certain ailments could be treated without generating side effects in current drugs. Cytotoxicity and cognitive and/or motor effects are consequences of the use of certain compounds that in its genealogy alter in a moderated way the treatment of the neurodegenerative diseases. Often, surgical interventions are an invasive alternative that determine whether the patient does or does not achieve the advances expected in reducing involuntary movements, such as Parkinsons disease. Commercial and natural alternatives could help patients endure the psychological effects of movement and cognitive diseases. At the present time, L-Dopa is used, for instance, as a commercial drug for the treatment of Parkinsons disease, since it can control the involuntary movements of the patient under a certain status. Although this nitrogen compound presents itself in low concentrations in some vegetables such as broad beans, porotos and ginkgo biloba, the continuous consumption of these foods does not assure that the abovementioned neurodegenerative disease is will recede, nor does it mean that its side effects will decrease. Therefore, the search for new alternatives that generate mitigation and a better quality of life for patients requires us to check the last few contributions in studies on the motor/mental dysfunctions by using a new and novel medical tool that implies a better pharmacological potential without being discarded from the organism via low solubility in the blood; this potential is known as nanomedicine. Concerning its molecular structure, many drugs have great potential as chemical-therapeutic agents, however, due to its low polarity, these compounds are eliminated from the organism without crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents the entrance of many psychotropic drugs. In this sense, from the use of cannabinoids, flavonoids and nanomedicine, many authors have impelled their research in reducing the size of the "bundle" that contains the active compound from a medicine, diminishing its concentration and the side effects that accompany the drugs that are administered orally or injected. Even more so, the formation of a supramolecular framework from natural polymers either chitosan or synthetic molecules such as poly- -caprolactone (PCL) has allowed the formation of nanoparticles with interesting physical-chemical properties, enables the delivery of the active compound in the appropriate site during a controlled release. In this book, the authors compile a number of diverse contributions focused on the isolation, pharmacological evaluation and formulation of the carrier/drug system and generate, for the case of the nanoparticles, the same pharmacological effects in the people who endure CNS diseases. The advances and novel molecular tools to relieve the patient of the undesirable effects of the current drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are mentioned and discussed. These scientific achievements are the tip of the iceberg in terms of health improvement for the population due to these limiting diseases.

This book discusses a group of natural compounds that is referred to in many bibliographic references for its multiple medical and therapeutic applications, which have been carried out by civilisations in the past and continue to be used in the present. Thus, the alkaloids have been isolated from marine and terrestrial sources and human beings have had the aptitude to determine the chemical structure of many derivatives of simple and big complexity as well as observing the biological effects of every compound in the living organism. Different natural sources as well as the synthesis of many alkaloids of big therapeutic activity have been the basis for the hundreds of drugs that are applied successfully in the scope of the health and combating diverse diseases. Alkaloids' low cytotoxicity in many cases and versatility in transforming into stable salt have generated diverse drugs of easy administration in the organism without the side effects associated with the ingestion of organic and inorganic salt of difficult tolerance. In this sense, this contribution covers several chapters which include: mechanisms and strategies against cancer, wherein certain types of alkaloid take control of important and selective form; the use of boldine as the alkaloid of current reference in the traditional medicine and used actively as natural antioxidant; alkaloids from vegetable origin as coming from the Amaryllidaceae; curious brominated alkaloids from marine sources between several outstanding examples; alkaloids derived from the Erythrina including the synthesis and pharmacological applications; the technological approaches of some derivatives originated from Tropane; an interesting contribution of the application of Trabectedin as alkaloid of clinical use in the treatment of ovarian cancer; the mention of a small group of alkaloids called oxoisoaporphines as the big medical tool in the treatment of mental disorders such as depression; and finally a complete review on the Daphniphyllum alkaloids.