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This volume documents U.S. national security policy in the context
of the Vietnam War and the changing Cold War strategic balance
between the United States and the Soviet Union. When President
Richard Nixon assumed office in January 1969, he was confronted
with the fact that the United States no longer held commanding
military superiority over its superpower rival. Since the end of
his stint as Vice President in 1961, the Soviets had achieved a
rough strategic parity that left the United States with
"significant vulnerabilities" vis-a-vis the USSR. This work
documents the Nixon administration's efforts to grapple with this
new strategic situation and provides coverage of the following: The
administration's review of U.S. nuclear and general purpose forces
and strategic doctrine; its attempts to ascertain the level of
technological sophistication achieved by the Soviet missile
program; and its decision to deploy Safeguard, a modified
anti-ballistic missile system. The page contained in this volume
also examines chemical and biological weapons policy; U.S. nuclear
policy in Asia; the evolution of the administration's strategic
priorities in light of an ever-shrinking defense budget; and the
transition from military conscription to an all-volunteer armed
force. Additionally, it provides previously unreleased material
regarding the October 1969 Joint Chiefs of Staff Readiness Test, in
which Nixon secretly placed on alert portions of the United States
military, including its nuclear forces.
Throughout this comprehensive and historical volume, a consistent
theme is the relationship between military strength and diplomatic
strength; in particular, the importance of military might--real or
perceived--to the United States' ability to maintain credibility in
the eyes of allies and adversaries alike.
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